基于地缘视域的关中平原合院民居建筑特征研究  

Architectural Characteristics of Courtyard Houses in Guanzhong Plain in North and Northwest China from a Geographical Perspective

作　　者：张钰曌 吴林璞 李小龙[3] 兰昆 庞有为 Zhang Yuzhao;Wu Linpu;Li Xiaolong;Lan Kun;Pang Youwei(School of Human Settlements and Civi l Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049;Service Guarantee Centre of Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China,Xi’an 710054;China Academy of Urban-Rural Development&Cultural Heritage,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055;School of Humanities,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065;Xi’an Infrastructure Investment Constr uction Co.,Ltd.Xi’an 710000)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院,西安710049 [2]中共陕西省委机关服务保障中心,西安710054 [3]西安建筑科技大学中国城乡建设与文化传承研究院,西安710055 [4]西安石油大学人文学院,西安710065 [5]西安城投建设有限公司,西安710000

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2024年第3期13-25,共13页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：陕西省科技厅软科学研究计划(2024ZC-YBXM-081)。

摘　　要：关中平原阻山带河,自古便是形胜之地,曾有“天府之国”的美誉。以西安为中心,其地域文化的核心影响范围西达陇东、东至晋西南。文章基于地缘结构格局、历史文化脉络与民风民俗特点,首次对这一地区合院民居建筑进行系统研究,分析了当地建筑材料出现、合院建筑形成、第宅禁限发展、地域特点成熟以及折衷风格影响的演进过程。通过对现存的、以清代为主的民国以前所建传统民居建筑的实地调查与测量绘图,总结出关中平原合院民居在庭院形态、宅院格局、厦房形制和建构装饰上的典型共性特征;根据民族、区位与时代的差异,深入挖掘了这一地区合院民居独具地域特色的多样建筑形式。The Guanzhong Plain in North and Northwest China,surrounded by mountains and rivers,has been a region with military advantages and fertile soil since ancient times.Centred around Xi’an,Shaanxi Province,the core influence of its regional culture extends from the east of Gansu Province to the southwest of Shanxi Province.This article,grounded in geographical structure,historical and cultural contexts,and the characteristics of local customs,presents a systematic study of the courtyard houses in Guanzhong Plain.It analyses the emergence of building materials,the formation of courtyard houses,the evolution of residential restrictions,the maturation of regional characteristics,and the influence of the eclectic style on this evolutionary process.Through on-site surveys and measurements of traditional residential courtyards built before 1949,primarily from the Qing dynasty(1644–1911),this article summarises the typical characteristics of courtyard houses in Guanzhong Plain in terms of courtyard forms,house layouts,building forms and styles,and construction and decoration.Furthermore,based on the differences in ethnicity,location,and era,the article explores the diverse architectural forms of courtyard houses with unique regional characteristics.

关 键 词：关中平原 传统合院民居 第宅禁限 关中窄院 前厅后楼 “虎抱头” 合院式住宅小区 

分 类 号：TU241.5[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]