从旧船厂到老人院——基于环境与文脉的波士顿海军基地工业遗产改造与更新  

From‘Old Shipyard’to‘Senior Housing’:Renovating and Revitalising the Boston Navy Yard Industrial Heritage Based on Environmental and Contextual Continuity

作　　者：童乔慧[1] 陈馨玉 胡嘉渝[1] 查吟川 Tong Qiaohui;Chen Xinyu;Hu Jiayu;Zha Yinchuan(the School of Urban Design,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430070;China Railway Guangzhou Group Co.,Ltd.Station Building(Housing)Construction Command Department,Guangzhou 510610;Beijing Jingchuang Planning and Design Co.,Ltd.Beijing 100016)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院,武汉430070 [2]中国铁路广州局集团有限公司站房(住房)建设指挥部,广州510610 [3]北京景创规划设计有限公司,北京100016

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2024年第3期120-131,共12页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2023BAB023)。

摘　　要：波士顿海军基地是美国最早建立海军造船厂的基地之一,拥有174年的海军舰艇建造、修理和装配历史,见证着波士顿的工业发展,于1966年被列入美国国家历史遗迹名录。其中的104号厂房是海军基地内一座转型为老人院的工业建筑。文章首先简要梳理了波士顿海军基地的建造与发展过程,指出其对波士顿乃至美国的重要性。继而在介绍波士顿海军基地整体更新的基础上,聚焦104号厂房的改造,探讨基于尊重环境、延续文脉的原则及以适老化为导向的改造设计策略,分析了其在功能置入、空间组织与细部设计等方面的适应性改造思路;最后指出这一人本关怀视角下的就地改造模式,为中国工业建筑遗产的改造与更新提供可借鉴的思路。The Boston Navy Yard,one of the earliest naval shipyards in the United States,was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.With a 174-year history of building,repairing,and assembling naval ships,it has witnessed the development of Boston’s industrial history.Building 104 stands as an industrial building within the shipyard that has been readapted into senior housing.This article first examines the historical evolution of the Boston Navy Yard and underscores its values for both the city and the states.It then focuses on the renovation of Building 104 based on the revitalisation of the whole navy yard,delineates the foundational revitalisation principles based on environmental and contextual continuity,and the elderly-oriented design strategies for the building.It further discusses the adaptive renovation strategies in function,space,and details.It proposes an in-situ renovation mode from a humanistic perspective,which serves as a valuable reference for innovative approaches to the renovation and revitalisation of industrial heritage in China.

关 键 词：波士顿海军基地 工业遗产 老人院 适应性改造 适老化 环境 文脉 

分 类 号：TU275.3[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU318TU241.93