美国博士生资格考试何为:基于四所院系案例的分析  

On Significance of Doctoral Qualifying Examinations in the United States:Study Based on Four Departments

作　　者：赵世奎 高凌云 吴彬 Zhao Shikui;Gao Lingyun;Wu Bin

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学公共管理学院高等教育研究所 [2]北京航空航天大学公共管理学院 [3]北京教育科学研究院高等教育科学研究所

出　　处：《高等工程教育研究》2025年第1期153-159,共7页Research in Higher Education of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“面向国家重大需求的研究生教育治理体系研究”(72134001);国家自然科学基金面上项目“超大规模博士教育治理的路径和机制研究”(72074015)。

摘　　要：博士生资格考试是美国博士生教育过程必不可少的“关键环节”,考试内容及方式体现了院系对博士生知识与能力的要求指向,近年关于资格考试研究多从宏观视角审视,缺乏对微观主体的关注。基于栖居制度主义理论,博士生资格考试制度意义构建,是制度-组织-个体相互作用的结果。学生对博士生资格考试的方式、内容及结果的评价显示,美国四所院系分别构建了“高消耗”负累、“无意义”仪式、“强规范”提升、“规范与弹性并存”筑基等四种制度意义。相同制度在不同组织环境及社会互动中生成差异化意义,启示在落实制度过程中,需关注制度、组织、个体三方需求。Doctoral qualifying examination is an indispensable"key link"in the process of doctoral edu-cation in the U.S.,reflecting the expectations of the faculty for the knowledge and skills of doctoral students in both its content and methodology.In recent years,most of the research on qualifying ex-amination has been examined from a macro perspective and lacked attention to the micro subject.Based on the theory of inhabited institutionalism,the construction of the meaning of the doctoral qual-ifying examination system is the result of the interaction between system-organization-individual.Through the students'evaluation of the method,content and results of the doctoral qualifying exami-nation,it can be seen that the four departments in the United States have constructed four kinds of in-stitutional meanings:"high-consumption"burden,"meaningless"rituals,"strong norms"enhance-ment,and"normative and flexible"foundation.The same system will generate differentiated mean-ings in different organizational environments and social interactions,revealing that we need to pay at-tention to the needs of the system,the organization,and the individual in the process of implementing the doctoral qualifying examination system.

关 键 词：栖居制度主义 博士生资格考试 意义构建 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]