法律适用视域下隔代探望权行使的困境与破解  

Dilemma and Solution of the Exercise of Intergenerational Visitation Right under the Perspective of Law Application

作　　者：吕春娟 王刚 LV Chun-juan;WANG Gang(Law School,Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州财经大学法学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《时代法学》2025年第1期25-34,共10页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：2024年度法制甘肃省级课题“习近平家风建设思想在民法典实施中的践行——以隔代探望纠纷规制为视角”(152);兰州财经大学校级科研重点项目“后法典时代隔代探望权行使的困境与突破”(Lzufe2022B-004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国《民法典》第1086条承继了原《婚姻法》第38条对探望权的规定,对(外)祖父母行使探望权的规定却付之阙如。该条对探望权主体的规定未考虑家庭结构的变化,也未回应亲属关系的现实需求,导致司法裁判中隔代探望纠纷缺乏裁判依据。部分判决支持老人探望诉求乃基于其精神需求,但并未将未成年人纳入权利主体,不符合“子女本位”立法理念。老年人的隔代探望权符合社会主义家庭价值观和法律基本原则,在我国社会具有必要性和合理性,故而应适当扩大隔代探望权主体,特别是要将未成年人纳入权利主体,探望权的行使应当根据实际情况采用多样化方式,同时增设第三方监督机制,确保探望权行使的正当性。Article 1086 of China's Civil Code inherits the provisions of Article 38 of the original Marriage Law on visitation rights,but the provisions on the exercise of visitation rights by grandparents are not sufficient.The provisions of this article on the subject of visitation rights fail to take into account the changes in family structure and do not respond to the practical needs of kinship,resulting in a lack of adjudication basis for intergenerational visitation disputes in judicial adjudication.Some judgments support the elderly's visitation claims based on their spiritual needs,but do not include minors as the subject of rights,which is not in line with the“child-oriented”legislative concept.Therefore,it is necessary and reasonable to appropriately expand the subject of the right of intergenerational visitation for the elderly,especially to include minors of visitation rights,and the exercise of visitation rights should adopt diversified methods according to the actual situation,and at the same time add a third-party supervision mechanism to ensure the proper exercise of visitation rights.

关 键 词：隔代探望 老年人精神需求 最有利于未成年人 司法适用 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]