《民法典》背景下见义勇为制度的司法考察与理论反思  

Judicial Investigation and Theoretical Reflection on the System of Righteous Courage Under the Background of“Civil Code”

作　　者：沃耘[1] 乔鹏飞 WO Yun;QIAO Peng-fei(School of Law,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学法学院,天津300134

出　　处：《时代法学》2025年第1期80-95,共16页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目青年项目“生成式人工智能开发应用的著作权困境及解决路径研究”(TJFXQN23-003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：为保护见义勇为者的权益、改善我国见义不为的现状,我国在《民法典》以及各地的“见义勇为人员奖励和保护条例”中对见义勇为者的保护进行了较为全面的规定,考察相关规则的司法适用可发现见义勇为的内涵、外延不明,见义勇为情形中的法律义务认定混乱,见义勇为者因具有“可归责原因”需自负其责,见义勇为人损害救济制度存在缺陷等问题,可通过把握见义勇为的构成与性质使之与相关概念相区分,统一见义勇为“约定或法定义务”的标准,通过文义解释和体系解释否认见义勇为人因过错而担责,分情形对见义勇为者适用赔偿规则和补偿规则。In order to protect the rights and interests of the righteous and improve the current situation of the righteous inaction in China,China has made more comprehensive provisions on the protection of the righteous in the“Civil Code”and the“Regulations on the Rewards and Protection of Righteous People”in various places.By examining the judicial application of relevant rules,it can be found that the connotation and extension of the righteous act are unknown,the legal obligations in the case of the righteous act are confused,the righteous act is responsible for the“attributable cause”,and the righteous person damages the relief system.There are some problems such as defects,which can be distinguished from related concepts by grasping the composition and nature of the righteous.We can unify the standard of“agreement or legal obligation”of courageous acts,deny the responsibility of courageous acts due to fault through literal interpretation and systematic interpretation,and apply compensation rules and offset rules to courageous acts in different situations under the background of legal interpretation theory.

关 键 词：见义勇为 法律义务 赔偿规则 补偿规则 

分 类 号：D923.1[政治法律—民商法学]