餐具与刀叉、筷子——论中西哲学本体论异同  

Tableware,Knives and Forks,Chopsticks:On the Differences and Similarities of Ontology in Chinese and Western Philosophies

作　　者：程志华[1] Cheng Zhihua(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Hebei University)

机构地区：[1]河北大学哲学与社会学学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《社会科学研究》2025年第1期35-44,228,共11页Social Science Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“王船山哲学研究”(20FZXA004)。

摘　　要：近年来,强调中西哲学本体论相异的观点渐渐浮现,而且声势愈来愈大。实际上,仅仅基于如下四种视域进行分析,便可发现这种观点在学理上站不住脚:“形而上学”视域告诉我们中西哲学均有其本体论;“存在与存在者”视域告诉我们,本体论是关于“存在”的学问,中西哲学本体论均可视为关于“存在者”的学问;“共相与殊相”视域告诉我们,中西哲学本体论各为“殊相”,其“共相”是“本体论”;“名与实”视域告诉我们,不仅中西哲学本体论为实在,而且本体论本身亦为实在。总之,本体论与中西哲学本体论的关系犹如“餐具”与“刀叉、筷子”的关系:它们既有不同处,更有相同处。In recent years,the viewpoint emphasizing the differences in ontology between Chinese and Western philosophies has gradually emerged and gained increasing momentum.In fact,based solely on the following four perspectives,it can be found that this viewpoint is untenable:the“metaphysical”perspective tells us that both Chinese and Western philosophies have their own ontologies;The perspective of“to be and beings”tells us that ontology is the study of“to be”,and both Chinese and Western philosophical ontologies can be regarded as the study of“beings”;The perspective of“universals and individuals”tells us that the ontologies of Chinese and Western philosophies are respectively“individuals”,and their“universal”is“ontology”;The perspective of“name and reality”tells us that not only the ontologies of Chinese and Western philosophies are reality,but also ontology itself is reality.In short,the relationship between ontology and the ontology of Chinese and Western philosophies is like the relationship between“tableware”and“chopsticks,knives and forks”:they have both differences and similarities.

关 键 词：本体论 中西哲学本体论 视域 餐具与刀叉、筷子 

分 类 号：B016[哲学宗教—哲学理论]