生物炭固定化菌剂的制备及其多环芳烃降解性能研究  

Preparation of biochar immobilised bacterial agent and its degradation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

作　　者：吴思蕊 尚幸甜 李雪丽[1] 李慧莹 徐悦 王晶[1] 郭美霞 WU Sirui;SHANG Xingtian;LI Xueli;LI Huiying;XU Yue;WANG Jing;GUO Meixia(Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials,College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences,Henan Universiry,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学化学与分子科学学院,河南省环境污染控制材料国际联合实验室,河南开封475004

出　　处：《化学研究》2025年第1期65-72,共8页Chemical Research

基　　金：2023年度大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310475082);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(24A180005)。

摘　　要：多环芳烃(PAHs)是一种广泛存在于土壤中的持久性有机污染物,会对环境造成不良影响。微生物修复是去除土壤PAHs的重要途径之一,但是添加到土壤中的微生物可能会与土著微生物发生竞争导致活性降低,而固定化微生物技术可以保护微生物免受恶劣环境影响,提高微生物活性。本研究以稻壳生物炭(BC)为固定化载体,通过其吸附不同数量的多环芳烃降解混菌,制备了九种不同比例的固定化菌剂,并研究其对土壤中多环芳烃降解的影响及土壤中脲酶、脱氢酶活性的变化,以期筛选出降解效率最佳的固定化菌剂。结果表明,初始土壤中多环芳烃以高环为主,培养28 d后,各处理组对多环芳烃降解率为18.79%~77.44%,土壤脲酶活性为36.43~191.22μg(NH_(3)-N)g-1soil d^(-1),脱氢酶活性为3.29~14.07μg(TPF)g-1soil d^(-1)。研究发现,生物炭的添加量是影响固定化菌剂降解土壤多环芳烃的主要因素。固定化微球配比为BC浓度1%,菌液浓度30%,海藻酸钠浓度3%时,对多环芳烃的降解效果最好,降解率高达77.44%,该比例制备的固定化菌剂具有高效地修复多环芳烃污染土壤的潜力。此时脲酶活性最高,脱氢酶活性最低。本研究为多环芳烃污染土壤的修复提供了一定的技术支持和实践依据。Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are persistent organic pollutants,which exist widely in soil and have adverse effects on the environment.Microbial remediation is one of the important ways to remove PAHs from soil,but the microorganisms added to the soil may compete with indigenous microorganisms,reducing their activity.However,immobilized microorganisms can protect microorganisms from adverse environment and improve microbial activity.In this study,rice husk biochar(BC)was used as immobilized carrier to adsorb different numbers of PAHs degrading mixed bacteria.Nine kinds of immobilized bacteria with different proportions were prepared.In order to obtain the best immobilized bacteria in removing PAHs,their effects on soil PAHs degradation and urease and dehydrogenase activities were investigated.The results showed that the PAHs in the initial soil were mainly high ring.After 28 days of culture,the degradation rate of PAHs in each treatment group was 18.79%-77.44%,the soil urease activity was 36.43-191.22μg(NH_(3)-N)g-1 soil d^(-1),and the dehydrogenase activity was 3.29-14.07μg(TPF)g-1 soil d^(-1).The added amount of biochar was the main factor affecting the degradation of PAHs by immobilized bacteria in soil.The degradation effect was the best(77.44%)when the immobilized microsphere contained 1%of BC,30%of bacterial solution and 3%of sodium alginate.The urease activity was the highest,while the dehydrogenase activity was the lowest in the above immobilized bacteria treated soil.This study could provide some technical support and practical basis for the remediation of PAH-contaminated soil.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 固定化菌剂 生物炭 酶活性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172