2024年秋季中国主要天气气候事件特征  

Characteristics of the major weather and climate events in China during the autumn of 2024

作　　者：洪海旭 周星妍 王依然 高歌[1,2] 肖潺[1,2] HONG Haixu;ZHOU Xingyan;WANG Yiran;GAO Ge;XIAO Chan(National Climate Center,Beijing 100081,China;Laboratory for Climate Studies of China Meteorological Administration,National Climate Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081 [2]国家气候中心中国气象局气候研究开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《气象科学》2024年第6期1195-1204,共10页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2024YFF0809202);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024Q007)。

摘　　要：2024年秋季,中国平均气温创1961年以来历史同期最高,平均降水量较常年同期偏多11.3%。主要天气气候事件包括:西北太平洋和南海地区生成台风数偏多,其中9月台风生成数创1979年以来历史同期最多记录,登陆台风偏多且登陆强度强,台风“摩羯”为秋季登陆中国最强台风,台风“贝碧嘉”为登陆上海最强台风;发生区域性暴雨过程偏多,以南方型暴雨过程为主,且大部分与热带气旋活动有关;9月高温天气频发、范围广、阶段性强,平均高温日数创1961年以来同期最多;干旱主要集中在川渝和长江中游地区,其中川渝地区干旱受9月底华西暴雨过程影响而缓解,而长江中游地区的旱情呈“发展—缓和—再发展”的阶段性演变特征;冷空气过程频次与常年同期持平,其中10月冷空气活动频繁,频次达历史同期最大值,该月寒潮过程频次也突破了历史同期最大值;初步分析表明,2024年9月中国平均气温和高温日数创新高可能与偏强、偏大的南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压有关,其中南亚高压的强度和面积为历史同期最大。9月西北太平洋西部和南海北部地区的平均台风潜在生成指数突破历史同期最大值,表明大尺度环流为台风的生成提供了有利背景。In the autumn of 2024,the average surface air temperature in China reached the highest level for the same period since 1961,and the average precipitation was 11.3%higher than that in normal years.The main weather and climate events in autumn were as follows:the number of typhoons generated in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea was higher than usual.Among them,the number of typhoons generated in September hit the record high for the same period since 1979.There were more typhoons making landfall,and their landing intensities were strong.Typhoon"Yagi"was the strongest typhoon to make landfall in China in autumn,and Typhoon"Bebinca"was the strongest typhoon to make landfall in Shanghai.There were more regional rainstorm processes,mainly occurring in the southern China,and most of them were related to tropical cyclone activities.High temperature weather occurred frequently in September,covering a wide range and showing strong phased characteristics.The average number of high temperature days in China reached the highest level for the same period since 1961.The drought in autumn was mainly concentrated in the Sichuan-Chongqing region and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.The drought in the Sichuan-Chongqing region was alleviated due to the rainstorm process in western China at the end of September,while the drought situation in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River showed a phased development feature of"development-alleviation-redevelopment".The frequency of cold air processes was the same as that of the same period in normal years.Among them,cold air activities were frequent in October,with the frequency reaching the maximum for the same period in history,and the frequency of cold wave processes exceeded the maximum for the same period in history.The preliminary analysis in this article shows that the record high average temperature and the number of high-temperature days in China in September 2024 might be related to the stronger and larger South Asian high and the Northwest Pacific subtropi

关 键 词：气候特征 天气气候事件 秋季 台风 中国 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P456.7