从《密苏里州社会史》看托马斯·哈特·本顿“折中”的杰斐逊式倾向及其背离  

Examining Thomas Hart Benton's"Eclectic"Jeffersonian Tendencies and Their Departures UsingASocial History of Missouri Mural as an Entry Point

作　　者：马晓琳[1] 邓书宁 Ma Xiaolin;Deng Shuning

机构地区：[1]西安美术学院美术史论系

出　　处：《美术观察》2025年第2期58-62,共5页Art Observation

摘　　要：在罗斯福新政改革第一阶段,美国地区主义艺术家托马斯·哈特·本顿(Thomas Hart Benton,1889—1975)的壁画就收到了来自马克思主义者的“批判”与地区主义者的“支持”两种声音。直至20世纪70年代,出现了一种宣称以超越对立的眼光看待本顿,将其艺术创作与杰斐逊主义相联系的新声音。本文以本顿于1935年至1936年绘制的《密苏里州社会史》壁画为切入点,在剖析图像、挖掘相关文献史料的基础上,综合视觉文化背景、时代的争论、艺术创作主体的思想意识形态对该观点进行探究,认为本顿在《密苏里州社会史》中展现了一种“折中”的杰斐逊式经济、自由观念,并在种族问题上与杰斐逊主义相背离。During the first phase of Roosevelt's New Deal reforms,the murals of American regionalist artist Thomas Hart Benton(1889-1975)were met with both"criticism"from Marxists and"support"from regionalists.Until the 1970s,when a new voice emerged that claimed to see Benton beyond the antagonisms and associated his artwork with Jeffersonianism.Taking Benton's mural A Social History of Missouri,painted in 1935-1936,as a starting point,this paper analyzes the image,digs up related documents and historical materials,and explores the viewpoint based on a synthesis of the visual cultural background,the debates of the times,and the ideology of the subject of artistic creation.Argues that Benton presents an"eclectic"Jeffersonian conception of economy and liberty and departs from Jeffersonianism on theissueof racein A Social History of Missouri.

关 键 词：托马斯·哈特·本顿 《密苏里州社会史》 杰斐逊主义 

分 类 号：J218.6[艺术—美术]