海底未爆弹下沉机理与评估方法研究进展  

Research progress on the mechanism and evaluation methods of the sinking of submarine unexploded ordnance

作　　者：王虎 张婧怡 雷玥玥 WANG Hu;ZHANG Jingyi;LEI Yueyue(School of Marine Science and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Tianjin 300112,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学海洋科学与技术学院,天津300072 [2]自然资源部海洋观测技术重点实验室,天津300112

出　　处：《海洋工程》2025年第1期1-14,共14页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：自然资源部华东海岸带野外科学观测研究站开放基金项目(ORSECCZ2022206);国家自然科学基金项目(41702307)。

摘　　要：海底未爆弹形状和性质特殊、探测难度大,严重影响海洋工程建设活动。海底未爆弹在复杂多变的海洋环境中发生不同程度的下沉,进一步增大了对其进行探测、打捞和处置的难度。首先,归纳了影响海底未爆弹下沉的典型海洋水动力与海底底质环境组合,分析了自重下沉、冲刷掩埋、液化下沉等3种未爆弹下沉机理;然后,总结了海底未爆弹及其他与未爆弹性质相近的海底目标物的下沉计算方法,初步搭建起未爆弹下沉评估方法体系;最后,评述了当前海底未爆弹下沉研究存在的专门性、系统性、实证性、实用性不足的问题,指出开展更多海底未爆弹下沉试验、构建面向应用的海底未爆弹下沉评价系统是未来的研究发展方向。The unique shape and characteristics of submarine unexploded ordnance(UXO),combined with the difficulty of detection,pose significant threat to marine engineering construction activities.Submarine UXO experience varying degrees of sinking in complex and variable marine environments,further incereasing the difficulty of its detection,salvage,and disposal.This paper first summarizes the typical combinations of marine hydrodynamics and seabed substrate environments that affect UXO sinking,and analyzes three sinking mechanisms:self-weight subsidence,scour-induced burial,and liquefaction-induced sinking.Then,it reviews the computational methods for UXO sinking and other similar seabed objects,establishing a preliminary evaluation system for UXO sinking.Finally,the study critiques the current limitations in UXO sinking research,including a lack of specialization,systematization,empirical evidence,and practical application.It suggests that future research should focus on conducting more UXO sinking experiments and developing application-oriented UXO sinking evaluation systems.

关 键 词：海底未爆弹 海洋水动力 海底底质 自重下沉 冲刷掩埋 液化下沉 

分 类 号：P754[天文地球—海洋科学]