基于颗粒阻尼理论的海上风机减振甲板特性研究  

Research on the characteristics of vibration reduction deck for offshore wind turbine based on particle damping theory

作　　者：董霄峰[1,2] 任绅铖 DONG Xiaofeng;REN Shencheng(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室,天津300072 [2]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《海洋工程》2025年第1期74-87,共14页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52471297)。

摘　　要：当前,海上风电正朝“大容量、高塔筒、长叶片”的方向发展,在复杂海洋环境影响下,更加柔性的海上风机容易引发结构超限振动或疲劳振动问题,对海上风电场的安全运行带来严峻挑战。引入颗粒阻尼理论解决海上风机的振动控制问题。首先,充分考虑风机内部空间布局与限制要求,提出了一种新型的减振颗粒甲板(VR-PD)结构形式;其次,建立了有限元与离散元(FEM-DEM)耦合的海上风机单自由度模型,并分别从颗粒的阻塞性和非阻塞性、颗粒半径和数量、腔体尺寸和颗粒叠加层数、腔体边壁倒角、颗粒质量比、结构自振周期等六方面进行VR-PD的减振特性研究;最后,建立了等质量的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)模型,考虑急停工况、停机工况和地震工况对两者减振效果进行对比。结果显示:VR-PD最多可提升阻尼比70.6%、多降低12.9%的振动位移和9.5%的振动加速度,VR-PD不仅减振效果优于TMD,而且可以更好地适应海上风机的内部空间,具有很好的工程实用性。Offshore wind power is evolving towards“large capacity,high towers,and long blades.”Under the influence of complex marine environmental conditions,the more flexible offshore wind turbines can induce excessive structural vibrations or fatigue vibrations,posing serious challenges to the safe operation of offshore wind farms.This study introduces particle damping theory to control the vibrations of offshore wind turbines.First,considering the spatial layout and constraints within the turbine,a novel vibration reduction particle deck(VR-PD)structure is proposed.Second,a single-degree-of-freedom model for the offshore wind turbine is established by coupling the finite element method and discrete element method(FEM-DEM).The vibration reduction characteristics of VR-PD are studied across six factors:blocking and non-blocking of particle,particle radius and quantity,cavity size and number of particle stacking layers,chamfering of cavity walls,mass ratio of particles,and the natural vibration period of the structure.Finally,a tuned mass damper(TMD)model of equivalent mass is developed to compare the vibration reduction effects of both systems under emergency shutdown,idle state,and seismic conditions.Results show that the VR-PD can increase the damping ratio by up to 70.6%,reduce vibration displacement by 12.9%,and decrease vibration acceleration by 9.5%.VR-PD not only outperforms TMD in vibration reduction but also better accommodates the internal space constraints of offshore wind turbines,demonstrating significant engineering practicality.

关 键 词：海上风电 振动控制 颗粒阻尼器 调谐质量阻尼器 FEM-DEM耦合建模 

分 类 号：P751[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]