半潜漂浮式风力机耦合动力特性试验研究  

Experimental study on the coupled dynamic characteristics of semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbines

作　　者：李梦遥 徐凯 龙雨虹 王万堃 刘福顺[1] LI Mengyao;XU Kai;LONG Yuhong;WANG Wankun;LIU Fushun(Engineering College,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学工程学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋工程》2025年第1期88-100,共13页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U22A20243);国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(52125106)。

摘　　要：漂浮式风力机(FOWT)是一种典型的刚柔耦合多体系统,在风浪流等环境荷载作用下呈现出复杂的动力学耦合特性,而准确评估和分析其动力响应耦合作用机制对风能的开发利用至关重要。以NREL 5 MW-OC4 DeepCwind半潜漂浮式风力机为研究对象,开展1∶50缩尺比的水池模型试验,量化分析了多源激励下不同测点时频域耦合动力响应的差异,界定并评估了不同转速、波浪周期、动边界等条件对漂浮式风力机动力学耦合特性的影响机制。水池模型试验结果表明:半潜漂浮式风力机加速度响应直接反映了转动荷载、入射波浪与多体结构的耦合,其中在纵荡方向响应中可以识别出纵摇固有频率,体现了浮式基础不同自由度响应之间存在的耦合效应。不同于固定式风力机,漂浮式风力机塔筒部位的动力响应随转子转速和塔筒高度的增加而变小,说明了气动荷载和水动力荷载的消减作用。当波频接近浮式基础的垂荡固有频率时,风力机系统产生较强的共振现象,塔筒振动响应幅值增加了2.72倍,对结构安全产生了较大的威胁。Floating offshore wind turbine(FOWT)represent a typical rigid-flexible coupled multibody system,exhibiting complex dynamic coupling characteristics under environmental loads such as wind,waves,and currents.Accurately evaluating and analyzing the coupled dynamic response mechanisms of FOWT is crucial for the development and utilization of wind energy.This study focuses on the NREL 5 MW-OC4 DeepCwind semi-submersible floating wind turbine and conducts 1∶50 scale model experiments in a wave flume to quantitatively analyze the time-frequency domain coupled dynamic responses at different measurement points under multisource excitation.The study identifies and evaluates the impact mechanisms of different rotational speeds,wave periods,and dynamic boundary conditions on the dynamic coupling characteristics of FOWT.The results of the wave flume experiments indicate that the acceleration response of the semi-submersible floating wind turbine directly reflects the coupling between rotational loads,incident waves,and the multibody structure.The natural frequency of pitch motion can be identified in the surge response,highlighting the coupling effect between different degrees of freedom in the floating foundation.Unlike fixed wind turbines,the dynamic response at the tower of floating wind turbines decreases with increasing rotor speed and tower height,demonstrating the mitigating effects of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads.When the wave frequency approaches the natural frequency of the heave motion of the floating foundation,strong resonance occurs in the wind turbine system,increasing the tower vibration amplitude by 2.72 times,posing a significant threat to structural safety.

关 键 词：半潜漂浮式风力机 模型试验 加速度响应 动力学耦合特性 

分 类 号：P751[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]