南大西洋至几内亚湾海浪的精细数值模拟研究  

Fine numerical simulation of ocean waves from the South Atlantic to the Gulf of Guinea

作　　者：邢添 徐福敏[1,2] 郑金海[1,4] XING Tian;XU Fumin;ZHENG Jinhai(Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Protection,Ministry of Education,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;College of Harbor,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200233,China;Institute of Water Science and Technology,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏南京210098 [3]上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司,上海200233 [4]河海大学水科学研究院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《海洋工程》2025年第1期158-165,共8页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2023YFE0126300);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51920105013)。

摘　　要：几内亚湾海域沿岸频繁遭受海浪袭击,研究南大西洋至几内亚湾海域海浪特征及传播特性对西非港口、航道及海岸工程建设意义重大。对SWAN(Simulating Waves Nearshore)和WWIII(WAVEWATCH III)模型在模拟大尺度大西洋和小尺度几内亚湾海域海浪的行为进行比较,发现WWIII-SWAN双层嵌套模型更适合南大西洋至几内亚湾海域海浪模拟。基于该双层嵌套模型进行2021年7月1日至8月31日自南大西洋至几内亚湾海域的海浪模拟,得到南大西洋典型海浪时刻海浪有效波高分布和峰周期分布。研究表明咆哮西风带高强度海浪沿西南方向传播至包括几内亚湾的西非沿岸,有效波高从10 m以上减少到4 m以内,峰周期自西南向东北方向呈明显分层且逐渐增加。南大西洋至几内亚湾的海浪二维谱能量分布也表明南大西洋海浪自西南向东北传播过程中涌浪占据主导,西非沿岸尤其是几内亚湾大部分时间处于14 s以上长周期涌浪作用中。The coastal regions of the Gulf of Guinea frequently experience ocean wave attacks,making the study of wave characteristics and propagation from the South Atlantic to the Gulf of Guinea highly significant for ports,waterways,and coastal engineering in West African.This study presents the first comparative analysis of the SWAN(Simulating Waves Nearshore)and WWIII(WAVEWATCH III)models in simulating wave behavior across both large-scale Atlantic and smaller-scale Gulf of Guinea regions.The findings indicate that the two-layer nested WWIII-SWAN model is more suitable for simulating waves from the Atlantic to the Gulf of Guinea.Using this nested model,wave simulations were conducted from July 1 to August 31,2021,covering the South Atlantic to the Gulf of Guinea.The results revealed the spatial distribution of significant wave heights and peak periods during typical wave moments.The study demonstrates that high-intensity waves originating from the Roaring Forties in the southwest propagate towards the West African coast,including the Gulf of Guinea,where significant wave heights decrease from over 10 m to below 4 m.The peak periods exhibit a clear stratification,increasing from the southwest to the northeast.The two-dimensional spectral energy distribution also shows that swell dominates the wave propagation from the South Atlantic to the Gulf of Guinea,with long-period swells(14 seconds or more)prevailing along the West African coast,especially in the Gulf of Guinea.

关 键 词：南大西洋 几内亚湾 SWAN模型 WWIII模型 WWIII-SWAN双层嵌套模型 海浪 涌浪 

分 类 号：P751[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] TV139.2[天文地球—海洋科学]