“跑步者高潮”的神经生物学机制  

The Neurobiological Mechanisms of Runner’s High

作　　者：王云腾 梁家旗 苏婉棠 赵丽[1,2] 李岩 WANG Yun-Teng;LIANG Jia-Qi;SU Wan-Tang;ZHAO Li;LI Yan(School of Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Performance and Skill Assessment,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]北京体育大学北京市运动机能评定与技术分析重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2025年第2期358-373,共16页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32000838);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3600201);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2024JNPD002,2023046)资助项目。

摘　　要：“跑步者高潮”(runner’s high)指在跑步或其他锻炼活动中突然出现的一过性欣快感,具有抗焦虑、镇痛等作用。“跑步者高潮”产生的神经生物学机制未明。本综述总结了研究“跑步者高潮”的人体模型和动物模型,分析了参与“跑步者高潮”产生的神经递质与神经环路,并阐明其与“跑步者高潮”有关的证据与不足,对未来研究进行了展望。研究发现,超过30 min且强度超过70%最大心率的运动可以产生“跑步者高潮”。多巴胺、内源性阿片肽、内源性大麻素、脑源性神经营养因子等物质在运动后升高,可能与“跑步者高潮”有关,但需注意这些物质在中枢与外周及中枢不同部位的功能差异。中脑边缘多巴胺系统、前额叶皮质-伏隔核投射、红核-中脑腹侧被盖区投射、小脑-中脑腹侧被盖区投射、脑-肠轴等神经环路可能参与“跑步者高潮”的调控,但均缺乏直接证据。本文对后期深入研究具有重要意义。“Runner’s high”refers to a momentary sense of pleasure that suddenly appears during running or other exercise activities,characterized by anti-anxiety,pain relief,and other symptoms.The neurobiological mechanism of“runner’s high”is unclear.This review summarizes human and animal models for studying“runner’s high”,analyzes the neurotransmitters and neural circuits involved in runner’s high,and elucidates the evidence and shortcomings of researches related to“runner’s high”.This review also provides prospects for future research.Research has found that exercise lasting more than 30 min and with an intensity exceeding 70%of the maximum heart rate can reach a“runner’s high”.Human experiments on“runner’s high”mostly use treadmill exercise intervention,and evaluate it through questionnaire surveys,measurement of plasma AEA,miRNA and other indicators.Animal experiments often use voluntary wheel running intervention,and evaluate it through behavioral experiments such as conditional place preference,light dark box experiments(anxiety),hot plate experiments(pain sensitivity),and measurement of plasma AEA and other indicators.Dopamine,endogenous opioid peptides,endogenous cannabinoids,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and other substances increase after exercise,which may be related to the“runner’s high”.However,attention should be paid to the functional differences of these substances in the central and peripheral regions,as well as in different brain regions.Moreover,current studies have not identified the targets of the neurotransmitters or neural factors mentioned above,and further in-depth researches are needed.The mesolimbic dopamine system,prefrontal cortex-nucleus accumbens projection,ventral hippocampus-nucleus accumbens projection,red nucleus-ventral tegmental area projection,cerebellar-ventral tegmental area projection,and brain-gut axis may be involved in the regulation of runner’s high,but there is a lack of direct evidence to prove their involvement.There are still

关 键 词：跑步者高潮 奖赏 多巴胺 内源性大麻素 神经环路 

分 类 号：Q42[生物学—神经生物学]