黄土公路边坡生态防护滴灌系统一体化研究  

Research on the Integration of Drip Irrigation System for Ecological Protection of Loess Highway Slope

作　　者：李强 庞清刚 王晶 柏愈 徐百成[3] LI Qiang;PANG Qing-gang;WANG Jing;BAI Yu;XU Bai-cheng(Shanxi Road and Bridge Construction Group Co.Ltd.,Taiyuan 030006,China;Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China;CCCC First Highway Consultants Co.Ltd.,Xi'an 710075,China)

机构地区：[1]山西路桥建设集团有限公司,太原市030006 [2]长安大学特殊地区公路工程教育部重点试验室,西安市710064 [3]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司,西安市710075

出　　处：《公路》2025年第1期101-109,共9页Highway

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目,项目编号2022YFC3003405。

摘　　要：为优化边坡生态防护中的滴灌应用,通过室内模型试验深入探讨了滴灌均匀度和流量偏差率受滴灌管长度、初始水头和滴头间距的影响机制。采用室内滴灌管出流试验,设置4种滴灌管长度、3种初始水头和3种滴头间距的试验因素,依据试验数据计算了各因素下滴灌均匀度和流量偏差率。分析了滴定管长度、初始水头和滴头间距对滴灌参数的影响规律,选取了合适的滴灌设计参数值。对试验提供的滴灌设计参数进行应用,选取现场试验段进行边坡滴灌养护,验证滴灌设计的效果。研究结果表明:滴灌管长度、初始水头和滴头间距对滴灌均匀度和流量偏差率具有显著影响。滴灌管长度在30~40 m时,灌水均匀度均大于0.8,符合规范要求;滴灌管长度为30 m,相比于长度为40 m时,初始水头的增加对灌水均匀度增加效应减弱了。滴头间距增加可以提高灌水均匀度,但对流量偏差率的影响不显著。初始水头为2~3 m时,滴灌管流量偏差率变化值很接近,分别为0.159、0.167、0.157,在3 m水头流量偏差率基本降低至0.45以下,基本满足灌溉要求。选取了离隰高速公路LJ4标段工程边坡作为试验区,验证了滴灌系统设计的可靠性,并根据实际情况进行了微调,确保了滴灌效果的优化。试验区种植的紫穗槐生长情况良好,成活率高,验证了滴灌技术在黄土边坡中生态护坡运用的有效性和可行性。To optimize the application of drip irrigation in slope ecological protection,the influence mechanism of drip irrigation uniformity and flow deviation rate by drip irrigation pipe length,initial water head,and dripper spacing are discussed in-depth through indoor model tests.The indoor drip irrigation pipe outflow tests set up four kinds of drip irrigation pipe lengths,three kinds of initial heads,and three kinds of dripper spacing.The drip irrigation uniformity and flow deviation rate under each factor are calculated according to the test data.The effects of the length of the burette,the initial water head,and the distance between the burettes on the drip irrigation parameters are analyzed,and the appropriate drip irrigation design parameters are selected.The drip irrigation design parameters provided by the test are applied,and the field test section is chosen for slope drip irrigation maintenance to verify the effect of drip irrigation design.The results show that the length of the drip irrigation pipe,initial water head,and dripper spacing have significant effects on drip irrigation uniformity and flow deviation rate.When the length of the drip irrigation pipe is 30~40 m,the irrigation uniformity is greater than 0.8,which meets the requirements of the specification.The length of the drip irrigation pipe is 30 m.Compared with the length of 40 m,the increase of the initial water head has a weaker effect on the increase of irrigation uniformity.The increase in dripper spacing can improve irrigation uniformity but has no significant effect on the flow deviation rate.When the initial water head is 2~3 m,the variation value of the flow deviation rate of the drip irrigation pipe is very close,which is 0.159,0.167 and 0.157 respectively.The flow deviation rate of the 3 m head is reduced to below 0.45,which meets the irrigation requirements.The slope of the LJ4 section of the Li-Xi(Lishi-Xixian)Expressway is selected as a test area to verify the reliability of the drip irrigation system design and fine-tuned it accord

关 键 词：公路边坡 滴灌系统 滴灌均匀度 流量偏差率 生态护坡 

分 类 号：U416.1[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U417.1[天文地球—工程地质学] P642.22[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]