长江流域9个鲢养殖群体的形态差异分析  

Morphological differences analysis of nine cultured Hypophthalmichthys molitrix populations in the Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：吴怡迪 沙航 何国玉 梁宏伟[1] WU Yidi;SHA Hang;HE Guoyu;LIANG Hongwei(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,武汉430223

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2025年第1期106-112,共7页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-45);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2024JC0106,YFI202407,2023TD36)。

摘　　要：为探明长江流域不同主养地区鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)养殖群体的形态特征差异,本研究采用多元统计分析方法对采集的9个鲢群体样本进行分析。结果表明,9个群体的不同形态特征间均产生了显著差异,但变异系数检验显示这种差异尚未达到亚种分化水平。聚类分析显示,湖北武汉和江西瑞昌群体间的欧氏距离最小,重庆长寿群体与其他群体间的形态差异最大。主成分分析显示,9个鲢群体的前5维主成分累计贡献率为84.92%,其中第1和第2主成分主要是头部和体高性状,对9个群体形态差异的贡献度最大。逐步判别分析显示,9个群体的综合判别准确率为69.8%,其中浙江嘉兴和重庆永川群体的判别准确率达100.0%,而不同群体间的判别准确率差异较大,这可能与不同群体的遗传背景和养殖环境有关。这些结果表明,长江流域不同地区的鲢养殖群体产生了一定程度的形态分化。Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is one of the“four major freshwater fish”in China,and its aquaculture production ranks second among freshwater fish,possessing significant economic value.In recent years,frequent seed exchange in the H.molitrix breeding industry along the Yangtze River basin has led to unclear genetic mixing,affecting the conservation of H.molitrix germplasm resources and the breeding of elite varieties.This study investigated the morphological differences among nine different cultured populations along this basin using multivariate statistical analysis to help enhance our comprehensive understanding of the formation and differentiation of H.molitrix populations within the Yangtze River basin.The results showed significant differences in morphological characteristics among the nine populations,yet the variation factor test revealed that these differences had not reached the level of subspecies differentiation.Cluster analysis showed that the Euclidean distance between fish from the Wuhan and Ruichang populations was the smallest,while the morphological difference between the Changshou population and other populations was the greatest.Principal component analysis revealed that the cumulative contribution rate of the top five principal components was 84.92%.Among them,the first and second principal components were primarily affected by head and body-height traits,contributing the most to the morphological differences among the nine populations.Finally,the stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the comprehensive discriminant accuracy for all populations was 69.8%,but the specific rates for different populations varied significantly.The discriminant accuracy rates for the Jiaxing and Yongchuan populations reached 100.0%,while that for the Ruichang population was only 23.3%.This may be related to differences in genetic backgrounds and farming environments of different populations.These results indicate that a certain degree of morphological differentiation has occurred in cultured H.molitrix populat

关 键 词：鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) 形态差异 多元分析 

分 类 号：S965.8[农业科学—水产养殖]