基层体育治理中软法的类型特征、实施问题与纾解之策  

Types,Characteristics,Implementation Issues,and Mitigation Strategies of Soft Law in Grassroots Sports Governance

作　　者：薛昭铭 马德浩[2] 高升[1] 郭江浩 XUE Zhaoming;MA Dehao;GAO Sheng;GUO Jianghao(College of PE,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241003,China;School of PE and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学体育学院,安徽芜湖241002 [2]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2025年第1期102-109,共8页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:21BTY056)。

摘　　要：软法与硬法共同构成了基层体育治理中的法规范疆域。基层体育治理中的软法规范,是以国家法体系中的柔性规范为引领、以政治组织创制规范为基础、以社会共同体创制规范为细化保障,为解决基层体育纠纷问题提供基础性规范。基层体育治理中的软法主要包括政府主导型、正式体育组织自治型和非正式体育组织自治型,其在创制主体、呈现形式、组织结构、实施机制和效力强度上呈现不同的实践特征。当前,基层体育治理中软法实施还面临软法内容尚不健全且滞后,软法创制的民意表达机制缺乏且程序规范性不足,软法的实施程序、问责机制和权利救济制度缺失等现实问题。基于此,应健全基层体育治理软法内容的结构层次,创设平等协商的软法制定程序和民意表达机制,补足软法的实施程序、问责机制与权利救济制度。Soft law and hard law together constitute the legal norm territory in grassroots sports governance.The soft law norms in grassroots sports governance are guided by flexible norms in the national legal system,based on the creation of norms by political organizations,and refined by the creation of norms by social communities,thus these can provide the basic norms for solving grassroots sports disputes.The soft law in grassroots sports governance mainly includes three types:government-led,formal sports organization-autonomous,and informal sports organization-autonomous.They exhibit different practical characteristics in terms of the main body of creation,presentation form,organizational structure,implementation mechanism,and effectiveness intensity.At present,the implementation of soft law in grassroots sports governance still faces practical problems,such as the imperfect and lagging content of soft law,the lack of public opinion expression mechanisms for soft law creation,and the lack of procedural norms.The implementation procedures,accountability mechanisms,and rights relief systems of soft law are also lacking.Based on this,the structural hierarchy of the content of grassroots sports governance soft law should be improved;a soft law formulation process and public opinion expression mechanism for equal consultation should be established;the implementation procedures,accountability mechanisms,and rights relief systems of soft law should be supplement.

关 键 词：基层体育治理 软法 硬法 类型特征 

分 类 号：G812.4[文化科学—体育学]