现代文明的探索者:亚当·斯密的文明观  

Explorers of Modern Civilization:The View of Civilization by Adam Smith

作　　者：高力克[1] Gao Like(Department of International Cultures,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学国际文化学系,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2025年第2期38-48,156,共12页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：斯密摈弃了契约论的“自然状态—文明社会”的历史哲学框架,采用了社会演化论的历史的、动态的“社会四阶段论”范式。这一文明史观奠定了文明理论的社会史基础。斯密具有“进步”意涵的“文明”概念,超越了法语“文明”的文雅、有教养之义,使文明概念具有了启蒙时代的精神内涵。斯密从工业时代的来临预见到一个新社会和新文明的诞生,并揭示了“商业社会”的现代性,以及人类社会由农业文明而商业文明的现代化趋势。斯密的文明史观融贯着启蒙时代的自由人文主义精神,他以“自由”与“人道”为标尺,从经济、政治、道德各领域全面揭示了人类文明的进步趋势,以及现代文明的基本特征。Smith abandoned the historical philosophical deduction model of“Status of Nature-Civilized Society”in the Contract Theory,and rather to adopt the historical and dynamic paradigm of“four stages of society”.This historical perspective of civilization constructed the social historical foundation of civilization theory.The“civilization”concept of“progress”connotation in the Smith’s theory surpassed the content of politeness and cultivated in French term“Civilization”and gave the concept of civilization with the spiritual content of the Age of Enlightenment.From the advent of industrial era,Smith oversaw the emergence of a new society and civilization,and exposed the modernity of“commercial society”,and the trend in which human society transferred from agricultural society to the commercial society.Smith’s thoughts and philosophy on civilization history led the liberal humanistic spirit all over the Enlightenment.Smith took“liberty”and“humanity”as standard and revealed progressive trend of human civilization comprehensively from perspectives of economics,politics,and ethics,as well as fundamental features of modern civilization.

关 键 词：斯密 文明 进步 自由 人道 

分 类 号：G02[文化科学]