马流感研究概况  

Overview of Equine Influenza

作　　者：韩佳岐 孙留克 王晓钧 HAN Jia-qi;SUN Liu-ke;WANG Xiao-jun(Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin,13018,China;Harbin Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang,150069,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学,吉林长春130118 [2]中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150069

出　　处：《动物医学进展》2025年第2期115-119,共5页Progress In Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金团队项目(TD2022C006)。

摘　　要：马流行性感冒(Equine influenza,EI)简称马流感,是马流感病毒(Equine influenza virus,EIV)引起的马属动物之间传播的一种急性暴发性呼吸道传染病。世界动物卫生组织将其列为必须报告的动物疫病。EIV可通过飞沫、气溶胶和直接接触传播。该病的临床症状主要表现为发热、咳嗽、流鼻涕、厌食和嗜睡等。马流感的主要预防方式是疫苗接种,但EIV的HA蛋白容易发生抗原漂移,导致疫苗的保护作用比较有限。近年来全球暴发多起马流感疫情,给马匹养殖业以及马术运动、文化旅游、马附属产品开发等现代马产业造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,在马流感的预防与控制方面,还需对马属动物定期进行马流感血清学和病原学的调查,以便快速发现EIV感染,对患病马匹采取隔离和治疗,及时阻断病原传播,才能有效预防马流感疫情扩散。论文从病原、临床症状、实验室诊断、预防与治疗等角度对马流感的研究进展进行综述,以期为马流感的诊断和预防提供参考。Equine influenza(EI)is an acute respiratory disease caused by the equine influenza virus(EIV)that is transmitted between equines.EI is one of the notifiable diseases listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health(WOAH).EI can be transmitted by droplets,aerosols and direct contact.Clinical signs of the disease are mainly fever,cough,runny nose,anorexia and lethargy.The main method of preventing EI is vaccination,but the EIV HA protein is susceptible to antigenic drift,which limits the protective effect of the vaccine.In recent years,there have been many outbreaks of EI worldwide,which have caused great economic losses to the horse breeding industry as well as to modern equine-related industries such as equine sports,cultural tourism and the development of equine-related products.Therefore,in the prevention and control of EI,it is also necessary to conduct regular serological and pathogenetic investigations of EI in equines in order to rapidly detect EIV infections,isolate and treat sick horses,and block the transmission of pathogens in a timely manner to effectively prevent the spread of EI epidemics.This article reviews the progress of research on EI from various perspectives,such as pathogen,clinical signs,diagnostic methods,prevention and treatment,to provide a reference for the diagnosis and prevention of EI.

关 键 词：马流感 马流感病毒 流行病学 临床诊断 预防与治疗 

分 类 号：S858.21[农业科学—临床兽医学]