美国对华301措施的新动向、影响与中国应对  

New Trends and Influence of U.S.Section 301 Measures Against China and China's Responses

作　　者：李季 LI Ji(Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology)

机构地区：[1]英国萨塞克斯大学 [2]南京信息工程大学法学与公共管理学院 [3]南京信息工程大学气候变化与公共政策研究院

出　　处：《国际贸易》2025年第1期86-96,共11页Intertrade

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“环境健康风险权衡规制的法律构造研究”(20XFX018)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2024年9月13日,美国贸易代表办公室就对华301关税最终措施发布公告,拟围绕新能源等战略部门建立贸易制裁、贸易救济和产业补贴的政策体系。美国对华301措施的发展折射出三点新动向:拓宽领域、提高税额,注重配合国内绿色与高新技术产业政策;中国海事、物流和造船领域的补贴政策成为潜在目标,贸易救济手段更加丰富;重点关注中国进口产品,以对华措施成效作为301条款修订的关键考量。美国对华301措施的发展不仅对中国电动汽车等产品的出口造成负面影响,还使中美出口贸易受到冲击,在华外商投资水平下降,增加中美贸易争端风险,影响未来中美贸易合作。对此,我国应畅通中美对话与合作渠道,强化WTO争端解决机制手段,善用301条款磋商机制,围绕301条款改革做好风险评估与预定方案。On September 13,2024,the Office of the U.S.Trade Representative announced the final Section 301 tariffs on China,proposing to establish a comprehensive policy framework encompassing trade sanctions,trade remedies,and industrial subsidies targeting such strategic sectors as new energy products.The evolution of the U.S.Section 30l measures against China reflects three new trends:(1)expansion of tariff coverage and increased tariff rates,with a strategic alignment with domestic green and high-tech industrial policies;(2)identification of China's subsidy policies in maritime,logistics,and shipbuilding sectors as potential targets,accompanied by a diversification of trade remedy instruments;and(3)intensified focus on Chinese imports,with the effectiveness of measures against China serving as a key criterion in the revisions to Section 301 provisions.The development of U.S.Section 301 measures not only has a negative impact on the export of Chinese products such as electric vehicles but also affects the export trade between China and the U.S.,reducing foreign investment levels in China,escalating the risk of trade disputes between the two countries,and hindering future Sino-U.S.trade cooperation.In this regard,China should establish robust dialogue and cooperation channels with the U.S.,strengthen the utilization of WTO dispute settlement mechanisms,effectively leverage the consultation mechanism of Section 301,and develop comprehensive risk assessment and contingency plans to address revisions to Section 301 provisions.

关 键 词：301措施 中美贸易 WTO 争端解决机制 对外投资 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]