原位同步辐射技术在超级电容器中的应用进展  

Advances in applications of in situ synchrotron-based X-ray techniques in supercapacitor research

作　　者：文青草 许子健 陈爱英[1] 邰仁忠[2,3] WEN Qingcao;XU Zijian;CHEN Aiying;TAI Renzhong(University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200082,China;Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201210,China;Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学,上海200082 [2]中国科学院上海高等研究院,上海201210 [3]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800

出　　处：《核技术》2025年第2期1-19,共19页Nuclear Techniques

摘　　要：超级电容器是一种通过在电极-电解液界面上吸附离子或快速法拉第反应存储电荷的储能器件,是极具潜力的高效率能源储存方式。由于缺少对超级电容器储能机理的深入理解,这种新型储能技术的发展受到了限制。同步辐射光源由于其高亮度、高相干、能量可调以及宽裕的设备集成空间等优点,发展出了多种类型的同步辐射表征技术,不仅能够获得材料的形貌结构、粒子尺寸、晶格结构、电子结构、特定元素的局域配位环境等,且为原位、工况下的材料研究提供了强大的技术支持。本篇综述介绍了近年来国际上原位同步辐射表征方法在超级电容器研究中的应用进展,其中包括:原位X射线吸收谱(In situ XAS)、原位X射线衍射(In situ XRD)、原位小角X射线散射(In situ SAXS)等方法及其应用;展望了原位X射线成像和原位对分布函数(Pair Distribution Function,PDF)方法在超级电容器研究中的未来应用,并探讨了原位同步辐射技术在构建高性能超级电容器方面的关键作用及前景。Supercapacitors(SCs)are highly efficient energy-storage devices that enable rapid energy storage and release through ion adsorption at the electrode-electrolyte interface or fast faradaic reactions.Despite their great application potential,the development of this novel electrochemical energy storage technology has been limited by insufficient understanding of the fundamental charge storage mechanisms.Synchrotron radiation has a number of excellent characteristics,such as high brightness and coherence,wide energy range,and large redundant space for equipment integration;thus,various material characterization techniques based on synchrotron radiation have been developed.These techniques can provide the morphological structures,particle sizes,crystal structures,electronic structures,and local coordination environments of specific material elements as well as powerful technological support for in situ/in-operando material studies.This review introduces the application of in situ synchrotron radiation characterization methods applied to SC research in recent years.These methods include in situ X-ray diffraction(XRD),in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)and in situ small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS).This article also presents an outlook for future applications of in situ X-ray imaging and pair distribution function techniques and discusses the prospects and key roles of in situ synchrotron radiation techniques in designing high power/energy density electrode materials for advanced SC devices.

关 键 词：超级电容器 原位表征 同步辐射 电荷储存机理 

分 类 号：TL544[核科学技术—核技术及应用] TL99