基于异位富集氨氧化菌强化主流短程硝化工艺研究进展  

Research progress on enhancing partial nitrification in mainstream processes through ex-situ enrichment of ammonia oxidizing bacteria

作　　者：董玥 于恒 赵浚凯 屈撑囤 鱼涛 DONG Yue;YU Heng;ZHAO Junkai;QU Chengtun;YU Tao(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xi'an Shiyou University,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection of Oil and Gas Fields,Xi'an Shaanxi 710065,China;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Petrochemical Pollutant Control and Treatment,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学化学化工学院,陕西省油气田环境污染控制与储层保护重点实验室,陕西西安710065 [2]石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《石油化工应用》2025年第1期1-9,15,共10页Petrochemical Industry Application

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金青年项目课题(2022JQ-425);西安石油大学创新与实践项目课题(YCS22211009)。

摘　　要：厌氧氨氧化工艺凭借无需额外投加碳源、脱氮效率高、不涉及异养型的反硝化菌、降低了剩余污泥产量等优势,成为近年来市政污水处理的研究热点,但由于其反应基质亚硝态氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)在工艺运行中难以稳定获取,成为厌氧氨氧化工艺应用的一大挑战。因此,短程硝化(partial nitrification)作为厌氧氨氧化工艺的前端处理阶段,利用好氧氨氧化菌(AOB)获取NO_(2)^(-)-N一直受到广泛关注,但由于市政污水低温低氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)的特性,不利于AOB稳定富集。本文基于这一问题简述了短程硝化关键功能微生物的分布、生长特性;总结了原位亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)抑制策略;重点阐述近年来异位富集AOB的策略,分析目前基于异位富集AOB策略的短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化(partial nitrification-anammox,PN-A)工艺在市政污水处理方面的应用现状,并针对现状问题提出了急需攻破的技术瓶颈,为市政污水水质条件下短程硝化工艺实现工程化提供技术支持。The anaerobic ammonia oxidation(Anammox)process has become a prominent research hotspot in municipal wastewater treatment due to its advantages,such as no additional carbon sources,achieving high nitrogen removal efficiency,and reducing excess sludge production by not relying on heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria.However,a major challenge in the application of anammox process is the difficulty in consistently maintaining nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(-)-N)levels.Consequently,partial nitrification,which precedes the anammox process,has gained significant attention for its ability to provide NO_(2)^(-)-N through aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB).Nevertheless,the low temperature and low ammonia concentration(NH_(4)^(+)-N)in municipal wastewater make it challenging to stabilize AOB enrichment.This paper addresses these issues by summarizing the distribution and growth characteristics of key microorganisms involved in partial nitrification,reviewing in-situ strategies for inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB),focusing on recent strategies for ex-situ AOB enrichment,analyzing the current status of partial nitrification-anammox(PN-A)processes in municipal wastewater treatment,and identifying critical technical challenges that need to be addressed.This analysis aims to provide technical support for the engineering implementation of partial nitrification processes under municipal wastewater conditions.

关 键 词：短程硝化 市政污水 氨氧化菌 异位富集 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]