贵州根茎类中药材生产全程机械化现状与发展模式研究——以太子参为例  

Study on Current Situation and Development Mode of Whole-process Mechanization in Production of Rhizome-type Chinese Herbal Medicines in Guizhou Province--Take Pseudostellaria as an Example

作　　者：喻丽华[1] 郑乐 张龙[1] 吴雪梅[1] 吴庆卓 张简荣 YU Lihua;ZHENG Le;ZHANG Long;WU Xuemei;WU Qingzhuo;ZHANG Jianrong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Jincaohai Herb Development Co.,Ltd.,Huangping 556100,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州金草海药材发展有限公司,贵州黄平556100

出　　处：《贵州大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期17-25,共9页Journal of Guizhou University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]327);贵州山地高效农机创新试验基地建设项目(黔科合服企[2023]005);贵州省科技创新基地建设项目(黔科合中引地[2023]010)。

摘　　要：中药材产业是贵州省农业现代化发展的重点产业,受丘陵山地地形地貌、基础条件及传统种植模式的制约,根茎类中药材生产的全程机械化程度较低,以机器代替人力是贵州中药材产业发展的当务之急。课题组以贵州道地药材太子参为例,详细分析了贵州太子参生产机械化现状,并提出当前太子参生产机械化装备研发的重点是突破山地适用履带式动力底盘配套技术,研制山地适用的太子参播种机、施肥机及轻简型收获机。基于此,从良地、良种、良人、良机、良艺、良策全要素协同的角度,建立了贵州根茎类中药材生产全程机械化发展模式的总体框架,分析了宜机化土地整治、宜机品种选育、农机专技人才培养的实施策略,解析了良机获得、良艺选择及机艺融合发展的辩证关系,阐述了以合作社为载体“全程机械化+综合农事”一站式服务模式。贵州根茎类中药材生产全程机械化发展模式可为贵州中药材产业高质量发展及山地特色高效农业建设提供指导与借鉴。Chinese herbal medicine industry is the key industry of agricultural modernization in Guizhou province.Due to the constraints of hilly terrain,basic conditions and traditional planting patterns,the mechanization of rhizome-type Chinese herbal medicine production is low,so it is urgent to replace manpower with machines.Taking authentic medicine pseudostellaria as an example,the research group analyzed the present situation of production mechanization in Guizhou province,and put forward that the key point of current research and development of mechanized equipment for production is to break through the supporting technology of crawler-type power chassis in mountainous areas.Development of pseudostellaria breeding technology,fertilizing machine and light harvester for mountainous areas.Based on this,from the perspective of the coordination of all elements,such as fertile land,excellent varieties,professional growers,good machines,advanced technology and optimal strategy,the overall framework of the whole mechanization development model for the production of rhizome-type Chinese herbal medicines in Guizhou was proposed,the implementation strategies of land consolidation for fitting farm machinery,breeding of suitable machine varieties and cultivation of agricultural machinery professionals were analyzed,the dialectical relationship between the acquisition of good machines,the choice of advanced technology and machine-technology coordination was analyzed.Finally,the one-stop mode of"whole mechanization-comprehensive farming"with cooperatives as the carrier was expounded.This research may provide guidance and reference for the high-quality development of Chinese herbal medicine industry and the high-efficiency agricultural mechanization development with mountain features.

关 键 词：根茎类 中药材 全程机械化 发展模式 丘陵山地 

分 类 号：S232[农业科学—农业机械化工程]