桑叶状态对家蚕人工饲料养蚕成绩的影响  

Effect of Mulberry Leaf Status in Artificial Diet on Silkworm Rear-ing Performance

作　　者：陈涵 吴金鑫[1] 刘沅林 李志清[1] 夏庆友[1] 林平[1] 沈关望[1] Chen Han;Wu Jinxin;Liu Yuanlin;Li Zhiqing;Xia Qingyou;Lin Ping;Shen Guanwang(Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China(Chongqing)Science City,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China)

机构地区：[1]西部(重庆)科学城种质创制大科学中心,西南大学,重庆400716

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2024年第6期496-503,共8页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1201600);国家自然科学基金重点项目(32030103)。

摘　　要：为了探究饲料中桑叶组分的状态对养蚕成绩的影响,为饲料配方的改进提供参考,对家蚕品种两广二号的幼虫进行不同饲料饲育。在明确人工饲料育养蚕成绩与桑叶育存在差距的前提下,用新鲜桑叶匀浆后配制成的家蚕人工饲料和干桑叶粉配制而成的家蚕人工饲料分别饲养家蚕,通过比较2种人工饲料养蚕在饲养指标、茧质指标和丝质指标方面的差异,分析家蚕人工饲料中桑叶的干燥状态与现有家蚕人工饲料养蚕成绩低之间的关系。结果表明,与桑叶育相比,人工饲料饲养的家蚕小蚕期蚕体质量无显著差异,但4龄蜕皮后的蚕体质量、吐丝前的熟蚕体质量、全茧量、茧层量和茧层率均显著低于桑叶育家蚕;在大蚕期将人工饲料饲养的家蚕改用新鲜桑叶饲养后,能改善这一情况,茧层率恢复(P<0.05);进一步将饲料中的桑叶粉组分替换成匀浆后的新鲜桑叶,发现茧层率与干桑叶粉配制成的饲料饲养组相比显著提高(P<0.05),全龄经过和蚕丝产量等相关养蚕指标甚至接近桑叶育家蚕,且不影响家蚕的羽化和后代的孵化。就蚕体质量而言,人工饲料对家蚕发育的影响主要体现在大蚕期,不同人工饲料对这一时期蚕体质量的影响虽然有一定差异,但人工饲料育家蚕的茧层率均显著降低。饲喂鲜叶匀浆后配制成的家蚕人工饲料能显著提高家蚕的茧层率,说明桑叶烘干后配制成饲料,损失了某些影响家蚕生长和丝蛋白合成的物质,研发含有桑叶粉的家蚕人工饲料,需要尽可能地补偿由于桑叶状态改变而缺少的组分。In order to explore the effect of mulberry leaf components in feed on the performance of silkworm rearing,and to provide reference for the improvement of feed formula,the larvae of silkworm variety Liangguang 2 were reared with different diets.On the premise of making clear the gap between the results of silkworm rearing with artificial diet and with mulberry leaf,silkworm larvae were reared with artificial diet made of fresh mulberry leaf homogenate and dried mulberry leaf powder,respectively.By comparing the differences of rearing index,cocoon quality index and cocoon silk index between the two kinds of feed,the relationship between the status of mulberry leaf in silkworm artificial diet and the low performance of silkworm rearing with the existing artificial diet was analyzed.The results showed that com-pared with those fed with mulberry leaf,the body weight of silkworm larvae fed with artificial diet had no significant difference during the young larva stage.However,the body weight of silkworm larvae after molting at the 4th instar,the body weight of mature silkworm before spinning,cocoon weight,cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell rate of silkworm reared with artificial diet were significantly lower than those of silkworm reared with mulberry leaf.The cocoon shell rate could be restored(P<0.05)after switching from the artificial diet to fresh mulberry leaf at the grown larva stage.Furthermore,by replacing the mulberry leaf powder components in the feed with fresh mulberry leaf homogenate,it was found that the cocoon shell rate was significantly higher(P<0.05)compared to the group fed with the feed with dried mulberry leaf powder.The related rearing indexes such as duration of all instars and silk yield of silkworm were even close to those raised with mulberry leaf,and the emergence of silkworm and the hatching of offspring were not affected.In terms of body weight,the effect of artificial diet on the development of silkworm was mainly reflected at the grown larva stage.Although the effects of different diets

关 键 词：桑叶 家蚕 人工饲料 养蚕成绩 

分 类 号：S883.9[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]