汉代官吏贬谪问题考论  

On the Problem of Relegation of Officials in the Han Dynasty

作　　者：蒋波[1] JIANG Bo(School of Philosophy,History and Culture,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学哲学与历史文化学院出土文献与秦汉文明研究中心,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2025年第1期15-21,共7页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(22FZSB019)。

摘　　要：贬谪是古代官吏管理中的常用方式,两汉贬谪可粗分为因主观过错被贬与非个人原因被贬两类。其具体方式有降职但任职区域不变、降职且任职区域变动、职位类型变化且禄秩降低、职位类型不变但禄秩降低等情况。官吏被贬后大多可获得迁转机会,其中京官迁回京城的居多,反映出“从哪里来到哪里去”的特点,地方官不能迁回原郡、县,而是异地任职;迁转的依据是积功累劳,少见越秩超迁现象。与后世不同,两汉的贬谪具有重在“贬官”而不在“谪迁”,官吏被贬后的行动、迁转较为自由,受皇权的影响显著等特点。贬谪官员这一管理方式既有惩罚功能,也有警戒、规勉作用,在确保官员廉洁作为方面发挥了积极作用。Relegation was a common way in the management of ancient officials,which can be roughly divided into two categories in the Han Dynasty:being relegated for subjective fault and being relegated for non-personal reason.Its specific practice included demotion but no change in the area of service,demotion and change in the area of service,change in the type of position and the decreased rank of salary,the type of position remains unchanged but the decreased rank of salary.After the officials were relegated,most of them can get promotion and transfer opportunities.Among them,the majority of capital officials moved back to the capital,reflecting the characteristics of“going back where they originally came from”.The local officials cannot move back to the original county where they came from,but go to other places instead.The basis for the transfer of officials was meritocracy,and it was rare to see special promotions beyond that.The relegation in the Han Dynasty was characterized by the emphasis on demotion rather than on relocation,free movement of officials after being relegated and obvious influence of emperor’s power on relegation.The management mode of relegating officials had a punitive function as well as a cautionary and regulatory role,and played a positive role in ensuring the integrity of officials.

关 键 词：汉代 贬谪 迁转 官吏管理 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]