汉末士人心态与《古诗十九首》的双向诠释  

The Biodirectional Interpretation of the Mentality of the Late Han Literati and Nineteen Ancient Poems

作　　者：郭静静 GUO Jingjing(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian,China;School of Literature,Journalism and Communication,Qinghai University for Nationalities,Xining 810007,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中国语言文学系,福建厦门361005 [2]青海民族大学文学与新闻传播学院,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2025年第1期96-101,共6页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

摘　　要：文学的产生和变化与社会的政治、经济、文化等息息相关,但却不是直接的关系;社会的诸种变化是要通过士人这个中间环节才能反映到文学上,所以考察文学的产生与变化,创作主体士人至关重要。东汉末年,士人在外戚与宦官交替专权的政治背景下,特别是经历两次党锢之祸后,他们被迫不再以国家社会为念,转而以个人意识为重;文学创作也随之由重功利一变而为重一己情怀之抒发,《古诗十九首》即是这种转变下诗歌方面的代表。所谓的“魏晋文学自觉”实已自汉末拉开序幕。The emergence and changes of literature are closely related to the politics,economy,and culture of a society,but there is no direct connection between them.The changes of society can be reflected in literature through literati who serve as the intermediate link.Consequently,it is crucial to study the literati who are the main subjects of literary creation in order to investigate the emergence and changes of literature.At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,against the political background of alternating dictatorships between emperors’maternal relatives and the eunuchs,especially after undergoing the two disasters of Partisan Prohibition,the literati were forced to switch their focus from caring about the country and society to personal consciousness.Accordingly,literary creation has also transformed from the tradition of“poetry”to the expression of literati's own thoughts and feelings.Nineteen Ancient Poems is a representative of poetry in the circumstances of this transformation.The so-called“literary consciousness of theWei and Jin dynasties”had actually kicked off by the end of the Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：汉末士人 心态变化 《古诗十九首》 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]