基于玉米条耕技术的碎土镇压整地机设计与试验  

Design and Testing of Soil Crushing and Compacting Machine Based on Corn Strip Tillage Technology

作　　者：施继红[1] 刘贞彤 黄东岩 孟宪章[1] 屈鑫誉 王景立[1] 朱凤武[1] 马云海[3] SHI Jihong;LIU Zhentong;HUANG Dongyan;MENG Xianzhang;QU Xinyu;WANG Jingli;ZHU Fengwu;MA Yunhai(College of Engineering and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Zhejiang Sanyuan Longxing Technology Co.,LTD,Taizhou Zhejiang 318020,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学工程技术学院,长春130118 [2]浙江三元龙兴科技股份有限公司,浙江台州318020 [3]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130022

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2025年第1期48-58,共11页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1500404);长春市科技发展计划项目(21ZGM04)。

摘　　要：[目的]目前,国内玉米条耕整地作业中碎土环节存在旋耕后土壤细碎、失墒较大,易引起农田表土扬尘,造成水土流失严重。同时,镇压环节无法根据土壤墒情变化调节镇压强度,导致土壤墒情无法满足作物播种需求,进而影响播种质量等问题,由此设计了一种圆盘耙碎土与变强度镇压作业相结合的条耕整地机。[方法]对驱动轴进行了静力学分析,确定设计的合理性。测试了配重块数量对镇压强度的影响,并以行进速度、耙深和耙片间距为试验因素,以土壤破碎率为试验指标,进行三因素三水平正交试验。同时,以前进速度、镇压强度和耙深为试验因素,以土壤坚实度、地表平整度为试验指标,进行二次回归正交试验,对该组合进行试验验证。[结果]确定当配置3块配重块时,能产生22.1 kPa的镇压强度,满足玉米出苗的条件。碎土性能的主要影响因素依次为行进速度、耙片间距和耙深;最优工作参数组合为行进速度3 km·h^(-1)、耙深10 cm、耙片间距140 mm,此时土壤破碎率为73.15%,为本试验的最佳碎土效果。分析得出土壤坚实度和地表平整度的主要影响因素依次为镇压强度、耙深、前进速度;确定最优参数组合为前进速度3 km·h^(-1)、镇压强度21 kPa、耙深8 cm,此时的土壤坚实度为53.4 kPa,地表平整度为2.7 cm,各指标符合行业相关标准要求。[结论]该研究可为碎土镇压条耕整地机具的设计与优化提供参考,为提升玉米条耕作业效果奠定基础。[Objective]At present,the soil breaking in the domestic corn strip ploughing operation has the problem that the soil is finely broken after rotary ploughing,and the moisture loss is large,which is easy to cause dust on the topsoil of the farmland,resulting in serious water and soil erosion.At the same time,the compaction of soil can not adjust the pressure according to the change of soil moisture,resulting in soil moisture can not meet the needs of crop sowing,which affects the quality of sowing.Therefore,a strip-till cultivator combining disc harrow crushing and variable pressure compaction operations was designed.[Methods]A static analysis of the drive shaft was carried out to determine the reasonableness of the design.The influence of the number of counterweight blocks on the compression strength was tested,and a three-factor,three-level orthogonal test was conducted with the travelling speed,harrow depth and harrow blade spacing as the test factors,and the soil crushing rate as the test index.At the same time,a quadratic regression orthogonal test was carried out to verify the combination with travelling speed,suppression strength and harrow depth as test factors,and soil firmness and surface flatness as test indicators.[Results]It was determined that a compressive strength of 22.1 kPa could be generated when three counterweight blocks were configured,which met the conditions for corn emergence.The main influencing factors of soil crushing performance were travelling speed,harrow blade spacing and harrow depth;the optimal combination of working parameters was travelling speed of 3 km·h^(-1),harrow depth of 10 cm,and harrow blade spacing of 140 mm,then the soil crushing rate was 73.15%,which was the optimal crushing effect of this experiment.The main influencing factors of soil firmness and surface flatness were obtained as compression pressure,harrow depth and forward speed;the optimal combination of parameters was determined as forward speed of 3 km·h^(-1),compression strength of 21 kPa,harrow depth of 8 c

关 键 词：条耕技术 碎土镇压整地机 圆盘耙片 土壤破碎率 地表平整度 

分 类 号：S222.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]