外界风速作用下六旋翼植保无人机施药雾滴分布研究  

Spray Droplet Distribution of Hexacopter Agricultural UAV for Plant Protection under External Wind Conditions

作　　者：李仁凤 韩顺凯 LI Renfeng;HAN Shunkai(School of Aero Engine,Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州航空工业管理学院航空发动机学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2025年第1期108-116,共9页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(242102110203,222102320165,242102241026);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(25A480002)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探究旋翼植保无人机下洗流场及侧向风对施药雾滴沉积分布规律的影响。[方法]六旋翼植保无人机为研究对象基于拉格朗日多相流模型和SIMPLE算法,对六旋翼植保无人机下洗流场和有侧向风影响下的喷雾场进行数值计算。研究分析了植保无人机悬停工作条件时的下洗流场速度特性,以及受外界风速作用下喷雾场雾滴空间分布规律。[结果]无人机旋翼下洗气流呈现先聚拢后扩散现象,速度峰值在旋翼正下方,随着高度降低而逐渐降低;在侧向风作用下,来流与下洗流场产生漩涡,竖直分布的风场向后偏移,靠近迎风侧一边由于侧向风与下洗流场相互作用致使风场出现紊乱,近地风场消失,风场速度抬升并出现波动;当侧向风速小于1.5 m·s^(-1)时,机身中心下方风场速度变化较小,靠近机身下方速度基本保持不变;当侧向风速大于1.5 m·s^(-1)时,在距离机身中心正下方0.5~1.5 m的范围内,风场速度由于侧向风挤压峰值速度能达到7 m·s^(-1)以上;当侧向风速大于2 m·s^(-1)时,植保无人机下洗流场将不能保持稳定;侧向风速进一步增大达到3 m·s^(-1)时,旋翼产生的风场在x轴方向的最大倾斜角达到45°以上。喷雾场雾滴空间分布与旋翼风场速度流线基本吻合且距离旋翼越远雾滴飘移越严重,雾滴颗粒直径主要分布在70~160μm。[结论]为保证施药的均匀性及利用率,无人机在作业时应尽量在无风或环境风小于2 m·s^(-1)的环境下作业。[Objective]To explore the influence of downwash flow field and lateral wind on the deposition distribution of spraying droplets of a rotary-wing agricultural drone.[Methods]This study takes a hexacopter agricultural drone as the research object and uses the Lagrangian multiphase flow model and SIMPLE algorithm to numerically calculate the downwash flow field of the hexacopter agricultural drone and the spray field under the influence of lateral wind.The velocity characteristics of the downwash flow field when the agricultural drone is hovering and the spatial distribution law of the spray field under the action of external wind speed is analyzed.[Results]The downwash airflow of the drone's propeller presents a phenomenon of gathering first and then diffusing,with the velocity peak directly below the propeller,which gradually decreases with the decrease in flying height;under the action of lateral wind,the incoming flow and the downwash flow field generate vortices,the vertical wind field shifts backward,and the wind field near the windward side is disturbed due to the interaction between the lateral wind and the downwash flow field,resulting in the disappearance of the near-ground wind field,the increase of wind field speed,and fluctuations;when the lateral wind speed is less than 1.5 m·s^(-1),the wind field speed below the center of the fuselage changes little,and the speed near the bottom of the fuselage remains basically unchanged;when the lateral wind speed is greater than 1.5 m·s^(-1),within the range of 0.5-1.5 m from the center of the fuselage directly below,the wind field speed due to the lateral wind squeezing can reach more than 7 m·s^(-1);when the lateral wind speed is greater than 2 m·s^(-1),the downwash flow field of the agricultural drone cannot maintain stable;when the lateral wind speed further increases to 3 m·s^(-1),the maximum tilt angle of the wind field generated by the propeller in the x-axis direction reaches more than 45°.The spatial distribution of the spray field droplets is basica

关 键 词：旋翼植保无人机 流体仿真 耦合风场 下洗流场 雾滴分布 环境风速 

分 类 号：S494[农业科学—植物保护] O359[理学—流体力学]