基于土地利用变化的东北黑土区景观生态风险评价  

Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment for the Black Soil Region in Northeast China Based on Land Use Change

作　　者：边振兴[1] 刘彬 管德阳 BIAN Zhenxing;LIU Bin;GUAN Deyang(College of Land and Environment/Key Laboratory of Three-dimensional Protection and Monitoring of Cultivated Land of Liaoning Provincial Department of Natural Resources,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/辽宁省自然资源厅耕地立体保护与监测重点实验室,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2025年第1期140-155,共16页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1500104);国家自然科学基金项目(32371656)。

摘　　要：[目的]东北黑土区作为世界四大黑土区之一,分布着珍贵的黑土资源,在维护国家安全方面发挥着重要作用。[方法]基于东北黑土区土地利用数据,运用空间信息技术和景观生态学知识建立了景观生态风险评价模型,定量解释了东北黑土区土地利用变化及景观生态风险之间的耦合关系。[结果]2000-2020年东北黑土区土地利用类型主要以耕地、林地为主,二者构成了研究区基质景观,土地转移类型主要以林地转向耕地为主,转移面积为14136 km^(2),2000-2010年的土地利用类型变化速度要高于2010-2020年。2000-2020年东北黑土区景观生态风险高值区主要分布在松嫩平原、三江平原及西北风沙区,该区域景观类型以耕地、人造地表为主,低值区主要集中在大小兴安岭及长白山区,该区域的景观类型以林地为主。5个时期东北黑土区景观生态风险指数均值为0.0635,景观生态安全状况相对稳定,景观生态风险等级面积占比较大的风险区为较低风险区和较高风险区,二者占据东北黑土区面积的50%以上。5个时期的全局Moran's I值均大于0.65,呈现出正空间相关性,主要体现为“低-低”聚集及“高-高”聚集为主的空间分布格局。[结论]从研究区整体看,景观生态风险变化主要受自然因素及人为干扰度的影响;从局部区域来看,自然因素对其影响较显著,但人为因素同样不可忽视。研究结果可为东北黑土区景观格局优化、黑土地的保护以及可持续发展方面提供科学依据。[Objective]As one of the four major black soil regions in the world,the Northeast black soil region is home to precious black soil resources and plays an important role in safeguarding national security.[Methods]Based on the land use data of the black soil region of Northeast China,this study established a landscape ecological risk assessment model by using spatial information technology and landscape ecology knowledge,and quantitatively explained the coupling relationship between land use change and landscape ecological risk in the black soil region of Northeast China.[Results]The results showed that from 2000 to 2020,the land use types in the black soil region of Northeast China were mainly cultivated land and forest land,which constituted the matrix landscape of the study area,and the land transfer type was mainly forest land to cultivated land,with an area of 14136 km^(2),and the land use type change rate from 2000 to 2010 was higher than that from 2010 to 2020.From 2000 to 2020,the high-value areas of landscape ecological risk in the black soil region of Northeast China were mainly distributed in the Songnen Plain,the Sanjiang Plain and the Northwest aeolian sand area,and the landscape types in this region were mainly cultivated land,unused land and artificial surface,and the degree of landscape fragmentation was significant.The average value of landscape ecological risk index in the black soil area in Northeast China was 0.0635 in the five periods,and the landscape ecological security status was relatively stable,while the landscape ecological risk was mainly reflected in low and high risks,accounting for more than 50%of the area of the black soil area in Northeast China.The global Moran's I values in the five periods were all greater than 0.65,showing a positive spatial correlation,which was mainly reflected in the spatial distribution pattern of"low-low"aggregation and"high-high"aggregation.From the perspective of the study area as a whole,the change of landscape ecological risk is mainly affected by natu

关 键 词：生态风险评价 景观格局 土地利用 地理探测器 东北黑土区 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]