高黎贡山北段西坡鸟兽多样性垂直分布特征  

Species diversity and vertical distribution characteristics of birds and mammals on the western slope of northern Gaoligong Mountains

作　　者：王建华 吕亚东 赵永飞 熊云 房以好 王荣兴 WANG Jianhua;LV Yadong;ZHAO Yongfei;XIONG Yun;FANG Yihao;WANG Rongxing(Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research,Dali University,Dali 671003,China;Gongshan Administrative Sub-bureau of Gaoligong Mountain National Nature Reserve,Gongshan 673500,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学东喜玛拉雅研究院,云南大理671003 [2]高黎贡山国家级自然保护区贡山管护分局,云南贡山673599

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2025年第1期48-56,共9页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：云南省高黎贡山生物多样性与生态安全重点实验室开放基金项目。

摘　　要：高黎贡山北段为青藏高原南延部分,因其海拔高,地形复杂,监测队伍补给困难等因素,其野生动物监测非常薄弱,尤其是高海拔区域。因此,有必要对该区域的鸟兽多样性进行本底调查,掌握其资源状况及空间分布规律,并据此调整其相应的调查监测与保护管理措施。于2018年5月至2019年11月,在高黎贡山北段西坡不同海拔段利用红外相机技术对鸟类和兽类多样性开展调查。结果共记录兽类6目13科22种,鸟类4目15科43种,包括国家一级重点保护野生动物金猫(Catopuma temminckii)、扭角羚(Budorcas taxicolor)、豺(Cuon alpinus)和白尾梢虹雉(Lophophorus sclateri)4种,国家二级重点保护动物贡山麂(Muntiacus gongshanensis)、豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)等22种。相对多度指数计算结果表明,该区域内常见兽类为赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus),而地栖雉类则以血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)为主;低海拔区域春冬季物种数较多,而中高海拔区域夏季物种数达到峰值;Jaccard指数计算结果表明,高海拔区域(3500~4200 m)较中海拔(2700~3499 m)和低海拔(2000~2699 m)区域具有更为独特的物种组成。兽类多样性沿海拔呈现单峰分布,鸟类多样性在(2500~3000 m)和(4000~4200 m)各出现一个高峰。建议(1)在高海拔段建设监测步道,以便于日常巡护以及物种常规监测;(2)建立监测站以保障长期的科学研究。The northern section of Gaoligong Mountains is the southern extension of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Due to its high altitude,complex terrain,and difficulties in replenishment for monitoring teams,wildlife monitoring in this area is particularly weak,especially in high altitude areas.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a fundamental survey of the bird and mammalian biodiversity in this region,grasp its resource status and spatial distribution law,and adjust its corresponding investigation,monitoring and protection management measures accordingly.From May 2018 to November 2019,using infrared camera technology,an investigation was conducted at different altitudes on the western slope of the northern section of Gaoligong Mountains.A total of 22 mammal species belonging to 13 families and 6 orders,and 43 bird species belonging to 15 families and 4 orders were recorded,including four national first-class protected wild animals,namely,Asian Golden Cat(Catopuma temminckii),Himalayan Takin(Budorcas taxicolor),Dhole(Cuon alpinus)and(Lophophorus sclateri).There were 22 national second-class protected animals such as Gongshan Muntjac(Muntiacus gongshanensis)and Mainland Leopard Cat(Prionailurus bengalensis).The results of relative abundance index showed that the most common mammal in this area was Pallas’s Squirrel(Callosciurus erylhraeus),and the most common bird was Blood Pheasant(Ithaginis cruentus).In low-altitude areas,the number of species was higher in spring and winter,whereas in mid-altitude and high-altitude areas,the peak species diversity occured during summer.The Jaccard index calculation results indicated that high-altitude area(3500-4200 m)had more unique species composition than the mid-altitude area(2700-3499 m)and low-altitude area(2000-2699 m).Mammalian diversity exhibited a unimodal distribution along the altitudinal gradient,whereas bird diversity appeared the peak at(2500-3000 m)and(4000-4200 m)respectively.The following suggestions were proposed:(1)Construction of monitoring trails at high altitude

关 键 词：高黎贡山北段 鸟兽多样性 海拔分布 红外相机陷阱技术 物种组成 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]