再思秦之速亡  

Reflection on the Rapid Downfall of the Qin Dynasty

作　　者：陈侃理[1] Chen Kanli(Center for Research on Ancient Chinese History,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国古代史研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期107-118,共12页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”规划项目“北京大学藏秦汉简牍整理与研究”(G1404)。

摘　　要：秦通过强化中央集权体制赢得了统一战争的速胜。速胜一方面带来了全面铺开统治的沉重压力,另一方面又使秦对自身的制度和政治优势深信不疑,坚持用强化旧体制的方式应对新形势。统一后,随着疆域面积成倍增长,行政成本上升,官吏缺乏导致吏治恶化,并在六国故地造成事实上的征服性统治;秦制的超强动员能力转而用于消耗性的事业,结果民力虚耗,反抗情绪激烈。秦始皇在速胜中获得的超凡魅力权威无法转移给继承人,加剧了秦二世的合法性危机,最终触发反秦战争,导致秦朝速亡。由速胜而速亡,证明了秦统治的特殊性。The Qin Dynasty(秦)won the unification war with a quick victory through strengthening the centralization of authority.The quick victory brought heavy pressure upon the Qin government for the full-scale expansion of its rule,but at the same time,it deeply convinced the Qin government in its own institutional and political advantages and insisted on using the reinforcement of the old system to deal with the new situation.However,with the double increase of the area under its jurisdiction,and the rise of administrative costs,the shortage of officials caused deterioration of official governance,and led to factual conquest and rule in the former territories of the Six States(六国).The Qin Dynasty's extremely strong mobilization ability was then used for consumption-oriented undertakings,resulting in the depletion of people's strength and intense resistance.Emperor Qin Shi Huang's(秦始皇)extraordinary charismatic authority gained in the quick victory could not be transferred to his successors,which intensified the legitimacy crisis of Hu Hai(胡亥),the Second Emperor of the Qin Dynasty,ultimately triggering the Anti-Qin War and bringing about the rapid downfall of the Qin Dynasty.The quick victory and rapid downfall prove the uniqueness of the Qin Dynasty's rule.

关 键 词：秦 秦始皇 帝制中国 路径依赖 

分 类 号：K233[历史地理—历史学]