“找典型”:时间叙事对质性研究的启示  

“Finding Typicality”: The Enlightenment of Temporal Narrative for Qualitative Research

作　　者：刘亚秋 Liu Yaqiu(Institute of Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期165-174,共10页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：时间叙事中的“找典型”,来自“相似意象”的叠加,它让某类反映本质的现实/现象具有了“重影”。通过这一机制,它去除了主体一时的偏见以及时间本身,让这类现实具有了某种超时间、超主体和超现实等特征。“相似意象”借由非自主回忆方法,重塑“经典时刻”,它是过去和现在所共有的特征。可以将这类“找典型”的方法视为时间叙事的一个重要研究方法,它对社会科学的质性研究构成重要启示:要认识我们身处其中的生活和世界,不一定非要遵循概括的逻辑,可转而采用“提纯”的方式,借由“经典时刻”,让“物”自己开口说话,发现事物真相/本质的同时又不有损于经验的富足。这种方法可以为费孝通晚年提出的“扩展社会学的传统界限”以及人文社会学研究提供启示。“Finding typicality”in temporal narrative comes from the superimposition of“similar images”,which enables a certain kind of reality or phenomenon that reflects the essence to have“double images”.Through this mechanism,it removes the subject's temporary prejudice and time itself,making this kind of reality have such characteristics ashyper-time,hyper-subject and hyper-reality.“Similar images”reshape“classic moments”through the method of involuntary memory,which is a common feature of the past and the present.Such a kind of method as“finding typicality”can be regarded as an important research method of temporal narrative,which constitutes an important enlightenment for the qualitative research of social sciences.To understand our life and the world we live in,we don't necessarily have to follow the logic of generalization,but can instead adopt the method of“purification”,let“things”speak for themselves through“classic moments”,and discover the truth or essence of things without damaging the richness of experience.This method can provide inspiration for the view of“expanding the traditional boundaries of sociology”which was put forward by Fei Xiaotong(费孝通)in his later years,and and also for the research of humanistic sociology.

关 键 词：找典型 相似意象 时间叙事 质性研究 普鲁斯特 

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