母亲孕早期膳食习惯与子代先天性心脏病关联的病例对照研究  

Association of maternal dietary habits in early pregnancy with congenital heart disease in offspring:a case-control study

作　　者：陈可彬 王婷婷[1] 孙梦婷 罗曼君 阮霄睿 秦家碧[1] CHEN Kebin;WANG Tingting;SUN Mengting;LUO Manjun;RUAN Xiaorui;QIN Jiabi(Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,Xiangya School of Public Health,Central South University,Changsha 410013,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,长沙410013

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2025年第1期15-21,共7页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82073653,81803313);湖南省杰出青年基金(2022JJ10087)。

摘　　要：目的探讨母亲孕早期膳食习惯与子代先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)的关联。方法2017年11月―2020年3月在湖南省儿童医院开展CHD病例对照研究,对纳入的研究对象开展问卷调查。采用logistic回归分析模型分析母亲孕早期膳食习惯与子代CHD及其特定亚型的关联,并通过logistic回归分析模型对一般资料分析中存在统计学意义的变量开展亚组分析,以评估其关联的稳定性。结果母亲在孕早期经常吃咸菜(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.36~2.02)、臭豆腐(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.24~2.30)、烟熏食品(OR=2.21,95%CI:1.78~2.74)、烧烤食品(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.37~2.29)、油炸食品(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.19~1.79)、皮蛋(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.32~0.66)、咸蛋(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.13~0.31)、新鲜肉类(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.48~0.75)、新鲜鱼虾类(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.26~0.39)、新鲜蛋类(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.43~0.66)、新鲜水果类(OR=0.52,95%CI:0.41~0.66)、豆类(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.58~0.81)和牛奶及奶制品(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.48~0.64)与子代CHD差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001),亚组分析结果显示,母亲孕早期膳食习惯与子代CHD的关联较稳定。同时,母亲孕早期膳食习惯与子代CHD特定亚型之间的关联也有统计学意义。结论母亲孕早期膳食习惯与子代CHD及其特定亚型的发生存在关联,且这种关联在不同人群中有较好的稳定性,为从孕早期膳食指导的角度预防CHD的发生提供科学依据。Objective To explore the association of dietary habits of mothers in early pregnancy with the risk of congenital heart disease(CHD)in offspring.Methods A case-control study was conducted in Hunan Children′s Hospital from September 2017 to March 2020.A questionnaire was used to collect the corresponding data.The logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association of maternal dietary habits in early pregnancy with risk of CHD and its specific phenotypes in offspring,as well as to conduct subgroup analysis for variables with statistically significant differences in the general data analysis to assess the stability of the correlation.Results The mothers who ate more pickled vegetables(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.36-2.02),stinky tofu(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.24-2.30),smoked food(OR=2.21,95%CI:1.78-2.74),barbecue food(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.37-2.29),fried food(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.19-1.79),preserved egg(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.32-0.66),salted egg(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.13-0.31),fresh meat(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.48-0.75),fresh fish and shrimp(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.26-0.39),fresh eggs(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.43-0.66),fresh fruits(OR=0.52,95%CI:0.41-0.66),beans(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.58-0.81),as well as milk and dairy products(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.48-0.64)were associated with a risk of CHD in offspring,and the difference were statistically significant(all P<0.001).The subgroup analysis showed that these associations of maternal dietary habits with CHD were stable.Additionally,the similar results were also found for specific phenotypes of CHD.Conclusions The maternal dietary habits in early pregnancy are significantly associated with the risk of CHD and its specific phenotypes,with a stable association among different populations.The study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention of CHD from the perspective of dietary guidance during early pregnancy.

关 键 词：先天性心脏病 孕早期 膳食习惯 病例对照研究 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学] R725.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]