中学生睡眠和饮食节律紊乱联合暴露与抑郁症状的关联性  

Association of sleep and dietary rhythm disorders on the development of depressive symptoms in secondary school students

作　　者：苏华倩 王凯 永忠甜 李晗 韩江涛 李颖君 王莉 SU Huaqian;WANG Kai;YONG Zhongtian;LI Han;HAN Jiangtao;LI Yingjun;WANG Li(Department of Pediatric,School of Public Health,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;Taiyuan Primary and Secondary School Health Center,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生学教研室,太原030001 [2]太原市中小学学生卫生保健所,太原030001

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2025年第1期89-94,107,共7页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：中国青少年行为健康新型风险因素监测与队列研究(横向合作项目);山西省自然科学基金青年项目(202303021222136)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨中学生睡眠和饮食节律紊乱联合暴露与抑郁症状的关联性,并进一步探讨其机制。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,2021年10―11月选取太原市3所初中、2所高中各年级中学生作为研究对象,使用青少年生物节律紊乱评价问卷评估睡眠和饮食节律紊乱,使用患者健康问卷(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)评分量表评估抑郁症状,采用R 4.2.2软件对数据进行分析。结果 共纳入研究对象2 660名,抑郁症状的总体检出率为41.7%,在高睡眠节律和高饮食节律紊乱同时存在的中学生中,抑郁症状检出率为72.3%。睡眠节律紊乱和饮食节律紊乱与中学生抑郁症状发生均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。睡眠与饮食节律紊乱联合暴露增加中学生抑郁症状发生的风险,其中高睡眠且高饮食节律紊乱组中学生抑郁症状发生风险最高,是低睡眠且低饮食节律紊乱组的13.682倍(95%CI:9.149~20.461,P<0.001)。尚未发现睡眠节律紊乱和饮食节律紊乱对中学生抑郁症状发生存在显著相乘或相加交互作用。结论 睡眠节律紊乱和饮食节律紊乱均是中学生抑郁症状发生的危险因素,二者联合暴露时发生抑郁症状的风险增加。Objective Exploring the association of joint exposure to sleep rhythm disorders and eating rhythm disorders on the development of depressive symptoms in secondary school students and further exploring possible mechanisms.Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling,A total of 2 660 secondary school students were included in all grades of three junior high schools and two senior high schools in Taiyuan City in October-November 2021.The adolescent biorhythmic disorder evaluation questionnaire was used to assess sleep and eating rhythm disorders,and the patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)rating scale was used to assess depressive symptoms.The data were analysed using R 4.2.2 statistical software.Results The overall detection rate of depressive symptoms among the 2 660 students was 41.7 per cent,and 72.3 percent among secondary school students with both high sleep rhythm and high eating rhythm disorders.Both sleep rhythm disorders and eating rhythm disorders were positively associated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms in secondary school students(all P<0.05).The joint exposure to sleep and eating disorders increased the risk of depressive symptoms among secondary school students,with the group with high sleep and high eating disorders having the highest risk of depressive symptoms,which was 13.682 times higher than the group with low sleep and low eating disorders(95% CI:9.149-20.461,P<0.001).No significant multiplicative or additive interactions between sleep and eating disorders on the development of depressive symptoms in secondary school students were found.Conclusions Both sleep rhythm disorders and eating rhythm disorders are risk factors for the development of depressive symptoms in secondary school students,and the risk of depressive symptoms is increased with joint exposure to both.

关 键 词：睡眠节律 不良饮食行为 中学生 抑郁症状 联合暴露 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]