聚氨酯多孔吸声材料的制备、结构及性能研究进展  

Progress in Research of Preparation, Structure and Properties of Porous Polyurethane Sound-Absorbing Materials

作　　者：段银莹 徐奕灵 洪峰 刘婵玉 严小龙 柯雪 江学良 游峰 Yinying Duan;Yiling Xu;Feng Hong;Chanyu Liu;Xiaolong Yan;Xue Ke;Xueliang Jiang;Feng You(Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and New Materials,School of Materials Science&Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China;School of Chemical Engineering&Pharmacy,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China;Wuhan Yihua Plastic Industry Limited Company,Wuhan 430200,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学材料科学与工程学院湖北省等离子体化学与新材料重点实验室,湖北武汉430205 [2]武汉工程大学化工与制药学院,湖北武汉430205 [3]武汉宜化塑业有限公司,湖北武汉430200

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2024年第12期137-147,共11页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(202410490002,202310490002)。

摘　　要：随着科学技术的迅猛发展,噪声污染已成为人们生活的一大障碍,高效吸声材料的研究已经成为热点研究领域。聚氨酯孔状材料具有优异的阻尼性能和发达的孔隙结构,因此,其作为声学材料基体在吸声降噪方面具有重要的应用价值。文中综述了国内外聚氨酯吸声材料的研究报道,探讨了多孔材料的吸声原理,主要介绍了聚氨酯吸声材料的制备、结构及吸声性能,以及改性聚氨酯孔状吸声材料的研究进展,主要包括以下方面:填料改性聚氨酯、制备复合气凝胶、聚氨酯发泡以及形成多层发泡结构;最后对聚氨酯在吸声领域的发展方向进行了展望,并指出了存在的问题。基于现有分析认为,在未来的研究中可以综合运用填料改性和结构设计双重机制对聚氨酯吸声体系性能进行调控,以获得具有高阻尼高吸声性能的聚氨酯吸声材料,以满足工业化、商业化应用的需求。With the rapid development of science and technology,noise pollution has become a major barrier for residents'happy life,and the research of efficient sound-absorbing materials has become a hot research field.Polyurethane porous material has excellent damping properties and developed pore structure.Therefore,polyurethane has important application value in sound absorption and noise reduction as acoustic material matrix.In this work,the research reports of polyurethane sound-absorbing materials at home and abroad were reviewed and the sound-absorbing principle of porous materials was discussed.The paper mainly introduced the preparation,structure and sound-absorbing properties of polyurethane sound-absorbing materials.In addition,the research progress of modified porous polyurethane sound-absorbing materials was introduced,which mainly included the following aspects:modified polyurethane with fillers,preparation of composite aerogel,polyurethane foam and formation of multi-layer foam structure.Finally,the problems concerning the development direction of polyurethane in the field of sound absorption were briefly prospected.Based on the existing analysis,it is concluded that filler modification and structural design should be comprehensively used to regulate the performance of polyurethane sound absorption system in the future research,in order to obtain polyurethane sound absorption materials with high damping and high sound absorption performance,which could meet the requirements of industrial and commercial applications.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 吸声系数 吸声材料 发泡 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]