无针式静电纺丝技术宏量制备微纳米纤维研究进展  

Progress on Research of Macro-Preparation of Nanofibres by Needleless Electrospinning Technology

作　　者：魏亮 程雪[1,2] 杨金平 曹雪华 孙润军 董洁 Liang Wei;Xue Cheng;Jinping Yang;Xuehua Cao;Runjun Sun;Jie Dong(College of Textile Sciences and Engineering,Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China;Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials and Products,Ministry of Education,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学纺织科学与工程学院,陕西西安710048 [2]西安工程大学功能性纺织材料及制品教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2024年第12期157-166,共10页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

基　　金：国家科技部重点研发计划项目(2018YFC2000900);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2022JQ-016)。

摘　　要：随着纺织工业技术的进步与发展,传统纺织纤维原料已不能满足功能性纺织品生成加工的基本要求。超细纤维研究开发成为纺织纤维原材料的研究热点之一。静电纺丝技术是制备纳米纤维方便快捷和行之有效的方法,受到众多研究人员的广泛关注。然而,目前传统单针头静电纺丝由于产量低、针头易堵塞和不易清理的缺点而严重限制了纳米纤维的规模化生成与应用。基于此,文中从实现静电纺丝纳米纤维规模化制备角度系统综述了无针式静电纺丝喷头及纺丝技术的研究进展。首先介绍了无针式静电纺丝技术发展历程和基本原理,其次,对现有无针式静电纺丝喷头的喷头结构、纺丝原理和纺丝效率进行了总结和分析。最后,对目前纳米纤维规模化制备发展现状进行了评述,同时提出了无针式静电纺丝技术规模化制备纳米纤维的发展方向和建议。With the technological progress and development of textile industry,traditional textile fiber materials cannot be unable to meet the basic requirements for the generation and processing of functional textiles.The research and development of ultrafine fiber have become one of the hotspots for textile fiber materials.Electrospinning technology is a convenient and effective way to prepare nanofibers,which has received extensive attentions from many researchers.However,the traditional single-needle electrospinning has the disadvantages of easy clogging and cleaning of needles,which seriously limit the large-scale generation and application of nanofibers.Based on this,the research progress of needleless electrospinning spinneret and spinning technology was systematically reviewed from the perspective of achieving the macromass preparation of electrospinning nanofibers.Firstly,the development history and basic principles of needleless electrostatic spinning technology were introduced.Secondly,the spinneret structure,spinning principle and spinning efficiency of existing needleless electrospinning spinnerets were summarized and analyzed.Finally,the current development status of nanofiber macromass preparation was reviewed.Meanwhile,the development direction and suggestions for the macromass preparation of nanofibers by needleless electrospinning technology were also put forward.

关 键 词：静电纺丝 无针式 喷头 微纳米纤维 宏量 

分 类 号：TQ340.64[化学工程—化纤工业]