空心阴极羽流等离子体放电特性实验研究进展  

Progress in Experimental Study of Plume Plasma Discharge Characteristics of the Hollow Cathode

作　　者：贾金涛 苗龙[1,2] 廖煜淦 JIA Jintao;MIAO Long;LIAO Yugan(Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Chongqing Innovation and Entrepreneurship Research Center,Chongqing 404100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学,北京100081 [2]重庆创新创业研究中心,重庆404100

出　　处：《气体物理》2025年第1期15-26,共12页Physics of Gases

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3403504);国家自然科学基金(NSFC52202460);中国博士后科学基金(2021M690392,2021TQ0036,2023TQ0031)。

摘　　要：随着电推进技术的不断成熟和持续应用,电推进以其高比冲优势正在成为深空探测任务的空间推进优选。其中,离子和Hall推力器作为主推进装置,已得到广泛应用。作为离子和Hall推力器的核心部件,空心阴极羽流等离子体放电不稳定引发的高能离子溅射,加剧了其腐蚀失效及性能恶化,最终导致推力器无法正常点火工作。因此,为了保证电推力器具备长寿命和高可靠性能,深入研究了空心阴极的稳态放电特性以及羽流振荡特性,归纳分析了主要影响因素,通过调节阴极组件设计参数、放电参数和供气模式及磁场位形等因素,可有效规避羽流振荡现象,减缓阴极组件的溅射腐蚀问题,延长阴极工作寿命,确保推力器能够长寿命、高可靠地稳定运行。With the continuous maturation and sustained application of electric propulsion technology,electric propulsion is becoming the preferred choice of space propulsion for deep space exploration missions with its high specific impulse advantage.Among them,ion and Hall thrusters,as the main propulsion devices,have been widely used.As the core components of ion and Hall thrusters,the high-energy ion sputtering triggered by the unstable plasma discharge of the hollow cathode plume exacerbates its corrosion failure and performance deterioration,which ultimately leads to the inability of the thrusters to ignite properly.Therefore,in order to ensure that the electric thruster has a long life and high reliability,this paper thoroughly studied the steady-state discharge characteristics of the hollow cathode and the plume oscillation characteristics,summarized and analyzed the main influencing factors.It achieved effective avoidance of the plume oscillation phenomenon by adjusting the cathode component design parameters,discharge parameters,and factors such as the gas supply mode and the magnetic field potential shape.This slows down the sputtering corrosion of the cathode component and extends the cathode working life.This ensures that the thruster can maintain a long life and highly reliable and stable operation.

关 键 词：空心阴极 溅射腐蚀 稳态放电特性 羽流振荡特性 

分 类 号：O593[理学—应用物理] V439.4[理学—物理]