陶家湖沉积物重金属来源解析及生态风险评价  

Source Analysis and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Taojia Lake

作　　者：肖尚斌[1,2] 龚哲 刘佳[1,2,3] 李世剑[1] 贺文枨[1] 朱良辰 郑熠歌 XIAO Shang-bin;GONG Zhe;LIU Jia;LI Shi-jian;HE Wen-cheng;ZHU Liang-chen;ZHENG Yi-ge(College of Hydraulic and Environment Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Yichang 443002,China;Post Doctoral Research Station of Hydraulic Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [3]三峡大学水利工程博士后科研流动站,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2025年第2期44-53,共10页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金项目(2022CFD032);国家自然科学基金项目(52130903)。

摘　　要：对采自松滋市陶家湖不同部位的3根沉积物柱状样品进行了重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb、As)含量和粒度测定,利用潜在生态风险指数法和地累积指数法评价重金属潜在风险,并利用相关性分析和正交矩阵分解(PMF)模型进行来源解析。结果表明:陶家湖沉积物重金属污染整体上表现为湖心>湖岸>消落带,湖岸污染程度随深度增加而降低,湖心和消落带沉积物污染程度随深度增加而上升;其中,潜在生态风险评价结果显示6种重金属均为轻微生态危害水平,地累积指数评价结果表明Cr为偏中度风险,As、Cu、Pb、Zn和Ni主要表现为轻度风险。相关分析和PMF模型结果表明,沉积物中重金属来源包括矿业源、自然来源,以及农业和工业的复合源,贡献分别为18.8%、52.4%和28.8%,其中Cu主要受到矿业的影响,Pb主要受到自然来源的影响,As主要受到工业和农业活动的影响,Zn、Ni和Cr受到3种来源的影响;水动力条件和人类活动造成陶家湖重金属分布呈现空间差异,消落带水动力较强导致沉积物中重金属含量低于湖岸和湖心,水动力条件改变导致Pb、Ni垂向分布发生改变,矿业发展是造成Cu、Zn分布变化的主要原因,农业活动导致As逐年增加。Core sediment samples collected from three distinct areas of Taojia Lake in Songzi County,Hubei Province,were tested for heavy metals including copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),chromium(Cr),nickel(Ni),lead(Pb),and arsenic(As),as well as grain size.The contamination status was assessed using the potential ecological risk index(RI),enrichment factor(EF),and geo-accumulation index(Igeo).Sources of these contaminants were traced through correlation analysis and positive matrix factorization(PMF)modeling.Results indicated that 1)Heavy metal contamination was most severe in the central area of the lake,followed by those in lakeshore and riparian zone in descending order.As depth increased,the contamination at lakeshore alleviated,but aggravated in the central area and the riparian zone.2)Among the tested heavy metals,arsenic(As)and chromium(Cr)showed the most severe contamination,with As of light contamination and Cr mild-to-moderate contamination.Copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),nickel(Ni),and lead(Pb)exhibited less pollution.3)Correlation analysis and PMF modeling revealed that heavy metals in the sediments primarily originated from mining activities(18.8%),natural sources(52.4%),and agricultural and industrial activities(28.8%).Specifically,Cu was mainly derived from mining activities,Pb from natural sources,and As from agricultural and industrial activities.Zinc(Zn),nickel(Ni),and Cr were influenced by all three sources.4)Hydrodynamic conditions and human activities have led to spatial variations in heavy metal distribution in Taojia Lake.The strong hydrodynamics in the riparian zone have diluted heavy metal concentrations,resulting in lower heavy metal levels compared to the lakeshore and the central area.Changes in hydrodynamic conditions affected the vertical distribution of Pb and Ni.Variations in the distribution of Cu and Zn are primarily attributed to mining industrial activities,while annual increases in As levels were linked to agricultural activities.

关 键 词：沉积物 重金属 污染评价 生态风险 来源解析 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]