梯级电站调峰驱动的河道洪水波传播特征分析  

Characteristics of Flood Propagation in River between Two Dams Driven by Hydropeaking Regulation in Cascade Reservoirs

作　　者：白治朋 黄建平 刘新健[3] 刘新波 文勇波 赵新益[1] 栾华龙 杨忠勇[5] BAI Zhi-peng;HUANG Jian-ping;LIU Xin-jian;LIU Xin-bo;WEN Yong-bo;ZHAO Xin-yi;LUAN Hua-long;YANG Zhong-yong(China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430014,China;Chongqing Yufang Construction EngineeringDesign Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400020,China;Chongqing Construction Science Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400042,China;River Research Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three GorgesUniversity,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江电力股份有限公司,武汉430014 [2]重庆渝方建筑工程设计有限公司,重庆400020 [3]重庆市建筑科学研究院有限公司,重庆400042 [4]长江科学院河流研究所,武汉430010 [5]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2025年第2期91-99,共9页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42477086,U24A20180,42006156);重庆市住房和城乡建设委员会科技项目(城科字2023第6-14号);三峡创新发展联合基金项目(2023AFD201);长江科学院开放研究基金项目(CKWV20221003/KY);湖北省高校优秀中青年科技创新团队项目(T2021003);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB207)。

摘　　要：基于三峡和葛洲坝电站2018年实测水位、流量数据和一维解析模型,重点讨论了梯级电站调峰驱动的洪水波在两坝间河道的传播过程。在三峡和葛洲坝同时进行日调峰的背景下,2个电站的出库流量均呈显著的日波动和半日波动现象,两电站的流量日波动幅度平均分别在1500~2000 m^(3)/s和1200~1500 m^(3)/s之间,黄陵庙和南津关两个水位站的水位日波动幅度均在0.5~0.8 m之间。基于一维解析模型能够很好地模拟和再现两坝间河道的水位和流量波动过程。模型模拟结果分析表明,两坝间河道洪水波以周期为1.2 h的高频驻波进行传播,驻波的最大水位和流量振幅分别约为2.1 cm和210 m^(3)/s。该洪水波是由两个电站调峰流量共同驱动和叠加生成的,下游葛洲坝电站调峰时间对河道洪水波有显著影响,若将调峰时间由现行的0.6 h调整到1.2 h,洪水波振幅将显著增强。河道底摩擦因数对洪水波生成时的波高影响较小,但会影响洪水波在传播过程中的衰减速度。Based on measured water level and discharge data in 2018,this paper investigates the propagation of flood waves in the river reach between Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam driven by hydropeaking regulation by using a one-dimensional analytical model.During daily hydropeaking operations at both dams,the outflow exhibited significant diurnal and semi-diurnal fluctuations,ranging from 1500 to 2000 m^(3)/s for Three Gorges Dam and 1200 to 1500 m^(3)/s for Gezhouba Dam in average.Similarly,the water level at Huanglingmiao and Nanjinguan stations fluctuated by about 0.5-0.8 m daily.The one-dimensional analytical model accurately simulates the fluctuation of water level and discharge between the two dams.The simulation results indicate that flood waves in the river reach propagate as high-frequency standing waves with a period of 1.2 hours.The maximum amplitudes of the standing waves are approximately 2.1 cm for water level and 210 m^(3)/s for flow discharge.The flood waves are superimposed by the hydropeaking operations of both dams,and the timing of regulation at Gezhouba Dam significantly affects flood wave propagation.Specifically,increasing the regulation time from 0.6 to 1.2 hours substantially enhances the flood wave amplitude.While bottom friction of river channel has a negligible impact on wave height,it accelerates the attenuation of flood waves during propagation.

关 键 词：电站调峰 洪水波 解析模型 驻波 波能衰减 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]