旱地农田土壤N_(2)O排放:从路径、微生物作用机制到靶向调控  

Soil N_(2)O emission pathways,microbial mechanisms and targeted regulation in dryland farmland:a review

作　　者：李世清 何仁元 高娜 罗珠珠[1] LI Shiqing;HE Renyuan;GAO Na;LUO Zhuzhu(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Carbon Neutrality Research Center,Shijiazhuang University,Shijiazhuang 050035,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070 [2]石家庄学院碳中和研究中心,石家庄050035

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2025年第1期6-14,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42477368,32401438,42077102)。

摘　　要：农田土壤是陆地生态系统N_(2)O的重要排放源,其中旱地农田土壤N_(2)O排放约占全球农田N_(2)O排放的50%。旱地农田土壤N_(2)O的排放模式具有独特性,呈现“湿润或施氮脉冲”现象。结合多年研究结果,本文系统综述了旱地农田土壤N_(2)O产生的主要路径及微生物作用机制、抑制N_(2)O产生的调控途径,并评价了硝化抑制剂在减少农田土壤N_(2)O排放中的效果以及包含硝化抑制剂氮肥产业化生产的前景。综述表明:以铵态氮为底物的氨氧化路径(包括自养硝化、硝化细菌反硝化、硝化耦合反硝化)是N_(2)O排放+的主要途径,完全氨氧化微生物对自养硝化过程N_(2)O排放的贡献亦不可忽视,抑制以NH_(4)^(+)为底物的氨氧化路径可能是旱地农田调控N_(2)O排放的主要靶向途径,并探讨了今后旱地农田N_(2)O排放研究的重点。未来研究应将多方法(同位素示踪和分子生物学技术)、多尺度(多点田间定位试验、区分根际与非根际)和多因素(不同农田管理措施)相结合,可靠揭示旱地农田土壤N_(2)O排放路径、机制以及根际和非根际N_(2)O排放的异质性,筛选适宜于旱地N_(2)O减排的靶向硝化抑制剂,构建旱地农田N_(2)O排放的理论框架,提出减排的关键靶向调控途径。Farmland soils are a major source of N_(2)O emissions in terrestrial ecosystems.Dryland soils contribute around 50%of global N_(2)O emissions from farmland.The pattern of N_(2)O emissions in dryland farmland soil is unique,exhibiting a phenomenon known as"wetting or nitrogen application pulse".Based on our long-term research,this review systematically examines the pathways and microbial mechanisms involved in N_(2)O production in dryland farmland soils,discusses potential regulatory pathways for inhibiting N_(2)O production,and evaluates the effectiveness of nitrification inhibitors in reducing N_(2)O emissions from farmland soils and the prospect of the industrial production of nitrogenous fertilizer containing nitrification inhibitors.Specifically,ammonia oxidation pathways that use ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))as the substrate—such as autotrophic nitrification,denitrification by nitrifying bacteria,nitrification-coupled denitrification—are the primary sources of N_(2)O emissions.The contribution of complete ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms(comammox)to N_(2)O emissions in the autotrophic nitrification should not be overlooked.Inhibiting ammonia oxidation pathways driven by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,which use NH_(4)^(+)as the substrate,may represent a key strategy for regulating N_(2)O emissions in dryland farmland.Furthermore,this review discusses future research directions for understanding N_(2)O emissions in dryland farmland.Future studies should integrate multiple methods,such as isotope tracing and molecular biology techniques,and employ multi-scale field experiments that distinguish between rhizosphere and non rhizosphere emissions.Additionally,research should consider various factors,including different farmland management practices,to comprehensively elucidate the pathways and mechanisms of N_(2)O emissions in dryland soils and to understand the heterogeneity of emissions between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere environments.Moreover,future research should focus on identifying suitable nitrification inhi

关 键 词：旱地农田 N_(2)O排放路径 微生物作用机制 靶向调控 硝化抑制剂 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X144