随机风载下风电齿轮箱的系统动态可靠性研究  

System dynamic reliability of wind turbine gearbox under random wind load

作　　者：顾慧耘 王宏伟[1] 周建星[1] 费翔 温建民 房忠 GU Huiyun;WANG Hongwei;ZHOU Jianxing;FEI Xiang;WEN Jianmin;FANG Zhong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830047,China;Goldwind Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐830047 [2]金风科技股份有限公司,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第3期238-250,共13页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B01017-1);昌吉州科技计划项目(2023Z02);乌昌石国家自主创新示范区科技发展计划项目(2022LQ03015)。

摘　　要：风电齿轮箱在随机风载的作用下产生疲劳损伤,导致系统可靠性的降低。针对风电齿轮箱系统可靠性实时评估的问题,以2 MW风电齿轮箱为研究对象,建立了齿轮箱传动系统动力学模型,统计动力学响应下各零件的疲劳应力,生成疲劳载荷谱。结合非线性疲劳损伤累积理论和核密度估计法,建立了考虑强度退化的应力-强度干涉模型,计算各零件失效模式的动态可靠度。进一步利用Copula函数构建了系统可靠性模型,分析零件的共因失效对齿轮箱系统可靠性退化的影响。结果表明:运行过程中齿轮箱的行星轮系和中速轴轴承的可靠度下降较快,其余零件的可靠度也呈下降趋势,说明服役初期的疲劳失效主要集中在行星轮系和中速轴轴承,其他零件在服役后期也会失效。齿轮箱的系统可靠度经过20年寿命周期预计降至约0.588,结合零件的可靠度可实现风电齿轮箱的故障预警。Wind turbine gearbox has fatigue damage under random wind load to cause decrease in system reliability.Here,aiming at the problem of system reliability real-time evaluation of wind turbine gearbox,taking a 2 MW wind turbine gearbox as the study object,a dynamic model of the gearbox transmission system was established.Fatigue stresses of various components under dynamic response were statistically analyzed to generate fatigue load spectra.A stress-strength interference model considering strength degradation was established by combining nonlinear fatigue damage accumulation theory and kernel density estimation method to calculate dynamic reliabilities of various components’failure modes.Further utilizing Copula function,a system reliability model was constructed to analyze effects of common cause failures of components on reliability degradation of gearbox system.The results showed that reliabilities of planetary gear system and medium speed shaft bearings of gearbox decrease more rapidly in operation process,and reliabilities of other parts also exhibit a decreasing trend,so fatigue failure in early stage of service is mainly concentrated in planetary gear system and medium speed shaft bearings,and other parts can also fail in later stage of service;the system reliability of gearbox is expected to decrease to about 0.588 over a 20-year life cycle;combined with reliabilities of components,fault early warning can be realized for wind turbine gearbox.

关 键 词：风力发电机 可靠性 疲劳损伤 齿轮 轴承 失效相关 

分 类 号：TH132[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH133.3