基于多期超额收益法的数据资产价值评估  

Data Assets Valuation Based on the Multi-period Excess Earnings Method

作　　者：陈梦根[1] 赵怡然[1] 刘毓珊 CHEN Menggen;ZHAO Yiran;LIU Yushan(School of Statistics,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学统计学院,北京100875

出　　处：《统计与信息论坛》2025年第2期3-18,共16页Journal of Statistics and Information

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“数据要素促进共同富裕的理论机制与实践路径研究”(23&ZD082)。

摘　　要：在数字化时代背景下,数据已成为驱动经济社会发展的关键生产要素,准确评估数据资产的价值对于完善国民经济核算体系和推动经济增长而言都至关重要。鉴于常用的无形资产价值评估方法——收益法、市场法和成本法的局限性,本文引入了多期超额收益法,通过计算企业在数据资产发展期的超额收益,并利用收益分成率剥离其他资产的价值贡献,最终折现累加以确定数据资产的价值。多期超额收益法的数据获取难度和成本较低,在当前数据资产估值体系尚未完善的背景下,具有较强的操作性,能够有效应对数据资产相关历史数据缺失以及未来收益难以准确预估的问题,在实际应用中具有显著优势。在此基础上,以商业银行为例,探究多期超额收益法在金融行业数据资产价值评估中的应用效果,验证了本文数据资产价值评估方法的合理性。本研究不仅有利于完善数据资产统计核算基础理论,还拓展了数据资产价值评估的应用范围,可为官方统计机构开展数据资产核算实践工作提供参考。In the digital age,data has become a key production factor in driving economic and social development.Accurately assessing the value of data assets is crucial for improving the system of national accounts and promoting economic growth.In view of the shortcomings of the common methods for intangible asset valuation,namely the income method,the market method and the cost method,the multi-period excess earnings method is adopted to calculate the enterprise’s excess earnings during the development period of data assets,and the value contribution of other assets is stripped off by utilizing the earnings sharing rate to finally arrive at the value of data assets through discount accumulation.The multi-period excess earnings method has the advantages of low data acquisition difficulty and low cost.Given the current context where the data asset valuation system remains underdeveloped,this method demonstrates strong practicality.It can effectively address challenges such as the lack of historical data and the difficulty in accurately forecasting future earnings,making it highly advantageous in practical applications.On the basis,commercial banks are taken as an example to explore the effectiveness of the multi-period excess earnings method in the financial industry,and the rationality of the data asset valuation method is verified.This study not only contributes to the improvement of the foundational theory of data asset statistical accounting but also broadens the application scope of data asset valuation,providing a valuable reference for official statistical agencies in conducting data asset accounting practices.

关 键 词：数据资产 价值评估 多期超额收益法 商业银行 无形资产 

分 类 号：F222.1[经济管理—国民经济]