葡萄废弃枝条复配基质对日光温室茄子根际环境及产量品质的影响  

Effects of grape waste branches compound substrate on rhizosphere environment,yield and quality of eggplant in solar greenhouse

作　　者：马海梅 李梅花 周娟[2] 韦峰[1] 李佳豪 汤学燊 顾学才 张亚红[1] MA Hai-mei;LI Mei-hua;ZHOU Juan;WEI Feng;LI Jia-hao;TANG Xue-shen;GU Xue-cai;ZHANG Ya-hong(College of Wine and Horticulture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,银川750021

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第12期2775-2786,共12页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BEF02016、2023BCF01054)。

摘　　要：【目的】为提高葡萄园废弃物高值化利用,研究不同配比葡萄废弃枝条复配基质理化性质及其对茄子根际栽培基质细菌群落和产量品质的影响。【方法】以茄子‘天津快圆茄’为研究试材,以商品基质(草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1)为对照(CK),探究T_(1)(葡萄枝条发酵物∶草炭∶珍珠岩=2∶5∶3)、T_(2)(葡萄枝条发酵物∶草炭∶珍珠岩=3∶4∶3)、T_(3)(葡萄枝条发酵物∶草炭∶珍珠岩=4∶3∶3)和T_(4)(葡萄枝条发酵物∶草炭∶珍珠岩=5∶2∶3)4种配比复配基质的营养成分和酶活性,以及茄子根际微生物多样性和品质产量的差异。【结果】相较于CK,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(4)处理复配基质中的全氮含量和速效磷含量显著提高,而速效氮和全磷含量却有降低。各处理的酶活性均显著高于CK,其中酶活性最为突出的是T_(4)处理,碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性相对于CK处理增加了79.76%和59.27%。相较于CK,复配基质茄子根际细菌群落丰富度及多样性有所增加,放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、粘球菌门(Myxococcota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)的相对丰度均有所增加。冗余分析表明,基质pH是影响茄子根际细菌群落结构的关键环境因子。T_(3)处理下,茄子的根系总长度、总表面积和总体积均达到较高水平,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白等品质特性也呈现出优质水平,产量高达8433.34 kg/667 m^(2),产投比达4.11,净收益为24251.69元/667 m^(2)。【结论】通过茄子根际基质养分、酶活性、微生物多样性、品质及产量等指标综合分析得出茄子在各处理下的平均得分排名为T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(2)>T_(1)>CK,即T_(3)处理(发酵葡萄枝条∶草炭∶珍珠岩=40∶30∶30)为茄子的最佳栽培基质。[Objective]In order to enhance the high-value utilization of vineyard waste,the physical and chemical properties of different proportions of grape waste branches compound matrix and their effects on the bacterial community,yield and quality of eggplant rhizosphere cultivation matrix were studied.[Method]Eggplant'Tianjin Kuaiyuanqie'was used as the research material,and the commercial substrate(peat:vermiculite:perlite=3:1:1)was used as the control(CK)to explore T_(1)(grape branch fermentation:peat:perlite=2:5:3),T2(grape branch fermentation:peat:perlite=3:4:3),T_(2)(grape branch fermentation:peat:perlite=4:3:3)and T(4)(grape branch fermentation:peat:perlite=5:2:3).The nutrient composition and enzyme activity of the four compound substrates,as well as the dfferences in rhizosphere microbial diversity and quality and yield of eggplant were studied.[Result]Compared with CK,the total nitrogen content and available phosphorus content in the compound matrix of T_(1)、T_(2)andT_(4),treatments were significantly increased,the enzyme activity in each treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(CK),especially in the T4 treatment group,where the enzyme activity was particularly outstanding.The activities of alkaline phosphatase and cellulase increased by 79.76%and 59.27%compared with CK treatment,but the total phosphorus content and available nitrogen content decreased.Compared with CK,the richness and diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of eggplant in the compound matrix increased.Furthermore,the prevalent abundance of the phylum Actinobacteriota is noteworthy.Bacteroidota and Myxococcota all increased.Redundancy analysis indicated that the pH of the substrate was the primary environmental factor influencing the structure of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of eggplant.Under T_(3),treatment,the total root length,total surface area and total volume of eggplant reached a high level,the quality characteristics such as soluble sugar and soluble protein also showed a hi

关 键 词：废弃葡萄枝条 复配基质 基质养分 酶活性 品质产量 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]