道路交通事故社会救助基金垫付费用追偿的请求权重释  

Reinterpretation of the Right of Claim for Reimbursement of Advances Made by the Social Assistance Fund for Road Traffic Accidents

作　　者：于晓东 袁龙明越 YU Xiaodong;YUAN Longmingyue(Shandong Tostrong Professional Law Firm,Tai’an Shandong 271000,China;Law School of Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]山东拓创律师事务所,山东泰安271000 [2]同济大学法学院,上海200092

出　　处：《乐山师范学院学报》2024年第12期80-90,共11页Journal of Leshan Normal University

摘　　要：在道路交通事故社会救助基金垫付费用追偿频繁遇阻的背景下,将追偿请求权由代位追偿权重释为借款返还请求权,能克服既有的不当得利标准认定不清、责任人应偿还比例难定、诉讼时效起算点不明等阻碍,亦能减少“同案不同判”现象的发生。以提高追偿效率、实现受害人利益与公共利益更优分配为目标,宜将请求权定性为借款返还请求权并辅之以因类型而异的次合同请求权规则,并借助债权人代位权制度使得请求权重释结论具有合规范性。将请求权重释为借款返还请求权,是打破目前追偿实践困境,实现道路交通事故社会救助基金可持续发展的权宜之法。Under the background of frequent obstacles in recovering the advances made by the Social Assistance Fund for Road Traffic Accidents,reinterpreting the right of subrogation for reimbursement as a right of claim for loan repayment can overcome the existing impediments such as unclear standards for identifying unjust enrichment,difficulty in determining the proportion of reimbursement by the liable persons,ambiguous starting point for the limitation of actions,and it can also reduce the occurrence of“different verdicts for similar cases”.In order to improve the efficiency of reimbursement and realize the better distribution between the victims’interests and public interests,it is advisable to qualify the right of claim as a right of claim for loan repayment,supplemented by the regulation of sub-claim from the contract which varies with types,and make the interpretation normative via obligee’s subrogation.Reinterpreting the right of claim as a right of claim for loan repayment is an expedient solution to break the current practical difficulties in reimbursement and achieve the sustainable development of the Social Assistance Fund for Road Traffic Accidents.

关 键 词：道路交通事故社会救助基金 代位追偿权 借款返还请求权 利益衡平 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]