对“用能权”权利性质的几点质疑——兼论“用能权”的法律义务本质  

Questions on the Nature of"Energy Consuming Right":Also on Its Legal Obligation Essence

作　　者：刘卫先[1] 侯善钦 LIU Weixian;HOU Shanqin(Law School,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国石油大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期47-55,共9页Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Social Sciences)

摘　　要：“用能权”在实践和理论上被普遍认为是一项权利。这种认识受经济学、伦理学等学科与环境法学盲目交叉的影响,反映了对权利与市场路径的依赖,不仅造成法定权利的泛化和失序,也无法有效实现能源总量和强度“双控”目标。从“用能权”的起源、内涵、作用机制来看,其真实面貌是政府总量控制下的用能单位所负能效义务。以法律义务为重心考察“用能权”制度,可以充分衔接环境法律体系,理顺法律关系,确保能源总量和强度“双控”目标的实现。同时,应防止将“用能权”过度公权化,有必要结合行政奖惩措施与市场协调机制,共同对用能单位履行能效义务形成法律制度激励。"Energy consuming right"is generally recognized as a legal right in both practice and theory.This perception is influenced by the blind intersection of disciplines such as economics,ethics and environmental laws,reflecting the path dependence on rights and markets,which not only causes the generalization and disorder of legal rights,but also fails to effectively achieve the"dual control"goals of total energy consumption and energy intensity reduction.From the perspective of its origin,connotation,and operational mech-anism,the true nature of the"energy consuming right"lies in the energy efficiency obligations for energy consuming entities under the total control of the government.Focusing on its legal obligations can effectively integrate it into the environmental legal system,clarify legal relations,and ensure the achievement of the aforesaid"dual control"goals.At the same time,it is imperative to construct a legal framework that incentivizes energy consuming entities to fulfill their energy efficiency obligations by combining administrative rewards and punishments with market coordination mechanisms rather than excessively regard the"energy consuming right"as a kind of abso-lute public right.

关 键 词：“用能权” 法律权利 法律义务 配额 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]