商用锂离子电池快充降解及热失控特性研究  

Study on degradation and thermal runaway characteristics of commercial lithium-ion battery fast-charging

作　　者：周晓猛 蔡金乐 郭一博 廖云龙 ZHOU Xiaomeng;CAI Jinle;GUO Yibo;LIAO Yunlong(Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response,CAUC,Tianjin 300300,China;College of Safety Science and Engineering,CAUC,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学民航热灾害防控与应急重点实验室,天津300300 [2]中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《中国民航大学学报》2025年第1期27-32,共6页Journal of Civil Aviation University of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3010200)。

摘　　要：为识别快充老化因素对锂离子电池工作及热安全性能的影响,首先,本文采用1C/2C充电速率对商用18650锂离子电池开展循环老化试验,表征电池的容量衰减、电化学阻抗、工作升温等特性。其次,在自搭建的热失控平台上,对比新鲜和快充老化后的锂离子电池在热失控行为、温度特性等方面的差异。结果表明,锂离子电池老化过程是非线性的,呈现3个阶段的变化,对应于不同的老化机制;提高快充速率会导致电荷转移阻抗、欧姆电阻大幅增加;2C充电速率老化的锂离子电池循环寿命迅速缩短,且在循环期间出现异常放热行为,其在充电阶段的最高表面温度达到75℃,这不仅导致电池容量衰减加快,还提高了热失控风险。热失控测试结果表明,老化锂离子电池热失控延后,热失控温度更高;受快充老化因素影响的锂离子电池具有更好的热稳定性,但热失控过程更加危险。To identify the impact offast-charging aging factors on the operation and thermal safety performance of lithium-ion batteries,this study first conducts cyclic aging tests on commercial 18650lithium-ion batteries using 1C/2C charg-ing rate to characterize capacity decay,electrochemical impedance,operating temperature rise,and other character-istics of the battery.Secondly,on the self built thermal runaway platform,compare the differences in thermal run-away behavior and temperature characteristics between fresh and fast-charging aged lithium-ion batteries are com-pared.The results show that the aging process of lithium-ion batery is nonlinear,and presents three stages corre-sponding to different aging mechanisms.Increasing the fast-charging rate leads to a significant magnify in charge transfer impedance and ohmic impedance.The cyclelife oflithium-ion batteries with 2C charging rate aging short-ens rapidly,and abnormal heat release behavior occurs during the cycle,and the maximum surface temperature reaches 75℃C duringthechargingphase,whichnot only acceleratesthecapacity decay of thebattery,but also in-creases the risk of thermal runaway.The results of the thermal runaway test show that the thermal runaway of aged lithium-ion batteries is delayed and the temperature of thermal runaway is higher.Lithium-ion batteries affected by fast-charging aging factors have better thermal stability,but the process of thermal runaway is more dangerous.

关 键 词：锂离子电池安全 快充 热失控 老化降解 循环寿命 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]