基于聚类加权协方差矩阵的ADS-B信号分离算法  

ADS-B signals separation algorithm based on cluster weighted covariance matrix

作　　者：王文益 张菡铄 WANG Wenyi;ZHANG Hanshuo(College of Electronic Information and Automation,CA UC,Tianjin 300300,China;Technical Support Center,Northwest Air Trafic Management Bureau of CAAC,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学电子信息与自动化学院,天津300300 [2]中国民用航空西北地区空中交通管理局技术保障中心,西安710000

出　　处：《中国民航大学学报》2025年第1期47-52,59,共7页Journal of Civil Aviation University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2133204);天津市研究生科研创新项目(2021YJS023)。

摘　　要：广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B,automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast)系统采用同一频段随机广播的方式发射ADS-B信号,这将导致ADS-B信号产生交织,威胁航空安全。目前,利用Capon算法分离ADS-B信号时,未考虑到ADS-B信号的脉冲特性,这会使Capon算法的性能大幅下降。因此,本文针对ADS-B交织信号,设计了基于聚类加权协方差矩阵的信号分离算法。首先,根据ADS-B信号的脉冲特性分析出其在阵列响应上的特征,借助K均值聚类算法筛选出只有噪声、只有第1条信号和只有第2条信号的3类快拍,分别计算这3类快拍的协方差矩阵。其次,选择由噪声快拍得到的协方差矩阵和预抑制信号快拍得到的协方差矩阵,并求两者之和,以此代替Capon算法目标函数中利用所有快拍估计的协方差矩阵。最后,结合Capon算法,实现对ADS-B交织信号的分离。结果表明,该方法在分离ADS-B交织信号时的性能显著提升。The automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast(ADS-B)systems transmit ADS-B signals by randomly broad-casting in the same frequency band,which will lead to the overlapping of ADS-B signals and threaten aviation safety.At present,when Capon algorithm is used to separate ADS-B signal,the pulse characteristics of ADS-B sig-nals are not taken into account,which will greatly degrade the performance of Capon algorithm.Therefore,this pa-per designs a signal separation algorithm based on cluster weighted covariance matrix for ADS-B overlapping sig-nals.Firstly,the characteristics of the array response of ADS-B signal are analyzed according to its pulse charac-teristics.Then,three types of snapshots with only noise,only the first signal and only the second signal are screened out by K-means clustering method.The covariance matrix of these three types is calculated respectively.Secondly,the covariance matrix of noise snapshots and the covariance matrix of the signal to be suppressed are selected and the sum of them is calculated to replace the covariance matrix estimated by all snapshots in the objective function of Capon algorithm.Finally,combined with the Capon algorithm,overlapping ADS-B signals can be separated.The results show that this algorithm can significantly improve the performance of ADS-B overlapping signals separa-tion.

关 键 词：阵列信号处理 ADS-B 脉冲特性 K均值聚类算法 信号分离 

分 类 号：TN911.7[电子电信—通信与信息系统]