科技发展与人类六大生存形态的哲学省思  

Philosophical Reflections on the Development of Science and Technology and the Six Forms of Human Existence

作　　者：陆树程[1] 姚瑶 LU Shu-cheng;YAO Yao(Research Center for Urbanization with Chinese Characteristics,Soochow University,Suzhou 215006;School of Marxism,Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学中国特色城镇化研究中心,苏州215006 [2]苏州大学马克思主义学院,苏州215006

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第12期12-20,28,共10页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“全人类共同价值研究”(21&ZD014)。

摘　　要：随着科学技术的迅猛发展,人类的生存形态正在从“天择时代”走向“人择时代”,呈现为自然生殖人、辅助技术生殖人、克隆人、基因改造人、人机整合人和机器人六大生存形态。人类六大生存形态的出现不断彰显了人的主体性力量,其主要动因是为人类谋福祉、人类创新追求和资本创新逻辑。这种创新往往引发科技与伦理、科技与价值选择的冲突。面对矛盾冲突,应对人类主体性进行限度设定,在全人类共同价值的引领下,通过加强国际间的对话、沟通、理解与合作,形成人类价值共识,并在此基础上重构适应新时代的法律法规与伦理道德规范,不断完善科技伦理审查制度,防御科技异化,创造一个合规律和合目的相统一的、公平正义的、美好的人类生存形态世界。With the rapid development of science and technology,human survival modes are shifting from the"Era of Natural Selection"to the"Era of Human Selection,"represented by six forms of human survival:naturally reproduced humans,technology-assisted reproduced humans,cloned humans,genetically modified humans,human-machine integration and robots.The emergence of these six forms increasingly highlights the subjective agency of humans,driven primarily by the pursuit of human welfare,the quest for innovation,and the logic of capital-driven innovation.Such advancements frequently lead to conflicts between science,technology,and ethics,as well as between technological development and value choices.In response to these conflicts,limits on human subjectivity should be established.Guided by shared human values,a consensus on human values should be built through strengthened international dialogue,communication,understanding,and cooperation.On this foundation,laws,regulations,and ethical standards suitable for the new era should be redefined,continuously improving the ethical review system for science and technology to prevent technological alienation.This aims to create a world where laws and human purposes align,promoting fairness,justice,and a harmonious human existence.

关 键 词：“人择时代” 科技发展 人类六大生存形态 资本创新逻辑 主体性限度 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]