神经植入干预技术中的叙事同一性损害:从关系性视角出发  

Narrative Identity Impairment in Neural Implantation Intervention Techniques:From a Relational Perspective

作　　者：杨雨 周境林 YANG Yu;ZHOU Jing-lin(School of Philosophy/Institute of Technology Ethics for Human Future,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院/科技伦理与人类未来研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第12期62-69,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“脑机接口对个人同一性影响的伦理研究”(24CZX070);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZB20240170);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20230549)。

摘　　要：长久以来,有关“神经植入干预技术会造成个体同一性损害”的说法交织在神经伦理学的日常讨论之中。然而鲜少有人区分,神经植入干预技术究竟对何种意义上的个体同一性造成损害。从叙事进路出发,区分了两种“叙事同一性”概念:自我视角下的叙事同一性和关系视角下的叙事同一性。关系性的叙事同一性强调,同一性并非仅仅是对自我特征、生活经历或行为经验等纯粹的主观性解释与反思,还应当包含与他者协商获取最低限度理解与认同的辩证过程。在此基础上,神经植入干预技术造成叙事同一性损害的症结在于,叙事主体失去了构筑关系性的叙事同一性的能力。对此,患者应当积极修复构述动态的自传体叙事的能力,和与他者协商获取理解与认同的能力。只有积极参与理解并定位自己在他人关系中的角色与地位,才能凝聚和重塑自我认同,达至自我归属和他人归属之间的平衡。For a long time,the claim that"neural implantation intervention techniques cause personal identity impairment"has been intertwined with daily discussions of neuroethics.However,few have distinguished what kind of personal identity these neural implant interventions might impair.From a narrative approach,two concepts of"narrative identity"are distinguished:narrative identity from a self-perspective and narrative identity from a relational perspective.The relational narrative identity emphasizes that identity is not merely a purely subjective interpretation and reflection on one's self-characteristics,life experiences,or behavioral experiences,but should also include a dialectical process of negotiating a minimum level of understanding and affirmation with others.On this basis,the crux of how neural implantation interventions cause identity impairment lies in the narrative subject losing the ability to construct a relational narrative identity.Patients should actively work to repair the ability to construct an internalized,dynamic life story of the self,as well as the ability to negotiate understanding and affirmation with others.Only by actively participating in understanding and positioning one's role and status in relation to others can one consolidate and reshape self-identity,achieving a balance between self-belonging and belonging with others.

关 键 词：神经植入干预 个体同一性 叙事同一性 关系 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]