英国工业革命的开始时间:来自《技术史》的证据  

The Beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Britain:Evidences from History of Technology

作　　者：蔡一鸣[1] 叶世雄 王子玥 徐倩 CAI Yi-ming;YE Shi-xiong;WANG Zi-yue;XU Qian(School of Economics&Management,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006;School of Economics,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433;Institute for Global Public Policy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;Adam Smith Business School,University of Glasgow,Clasgow G128QQ)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学经济与管理学院,广州510006 [2]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433 [3]复旦大学全球公共政策研究院,上海200433 [4]格拉斯哥大学亚当·斯密商学院,格拉斯哥G128QQ

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第12期111-116,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2023年度学科共建项目“中国共产党世界多极化思想融入‘世界经济概论’课的学术逻辑研究”(GD23XMK16)。

摘　　要：工业革命对人类逃脱马尔萨斯陷阱意义重大,关于其含义、发生时间以及发生机制,吸引了众多学者们的广泛关注。“技术进步率的加速”作为工业革命的内涵,已经成为许多学者的共识。基于这一内涵,以及辛格等人编撰的《技术史》中所统计到的19个欧美国家和地区的技术发明数据(1500s—1790s),可以得出如下结论:(1)工业革命的开始时间几乎比“传统时期”早了一个世纪,为17世纪70年代。(2)工业革命的发生过程可以区分为相互联系又存在显著差异的上、下两个半场。(3)“斯图亚特王朝复辟”是工业革命发生的重要原因之一,复辟时期的社会稳定和重商主义对外政策促进了英国市场规模的扩张,进而引发了技术进步率的加速。The Industrial Revolution is of great significance for humanity to escape the Malthusian trap.Its meaning,occurrence time,and mechanism have attracted widespread attention from many scholars.The acceleration of technological progress rate,as the connotation of the industrial revolution,has become a consensus among many scholars.Based on this consensus,and the technological invention data(1500s-1790s)from 19 European and American countries and regions in the History of Technology compiled by Singer et al.,the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)The start of the Industrial Revolution was almost a century earlier than the"traditional period",in the 1770s.(2)The process of the Industrial Revolution can be distinguished into two halves:the upper and lower halves,which are interrelated but have significant differences.(3)The restoration of the Stuart dynasty was one of the reasons for the Industrial Revolution.The social stability and mercantilist foreign policy during the restoration period promoted the expansion of the British market size,which in turn led to the acceleration of technological progress.

关 键 词：工业革命 技术进步速度 斯图亚特王朝复辟 市场规模扩张 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]